Amakhethini Ezibhedlela Alahlwayo: Amathiphu Okufaka Nokulungisa Okulula Ezibhedlela

Isibhedlela Amakhethini Obumfihlo zithintwa njalo, zishintshwa ngaphansi kwengcindezi, futhi zivame ukunganakwa kuze kube yilapho ziba yisithiyo samaqembu okuhlanza noma ukukhathazeka ngokuvimbela ukutheleleka. Njengoba izikhungo zilinganisela inani lokukhiqiza kweziguli, ukunciphisa i-HAI, imikhawulo yabasebenzi, kanye nemigomo yokuzinza,ukusetshenziswa kanye Amakhethini e-Cubicle inikeza enye indlela ewusizo esikhundleni sezindwangu ezihlanziwe ezindaweni ezifanele. Inani lazo lincike entengo engaphezu kweyunithi: isisindo sezinto ezibonakalayo, isitifiketi sokuphepha komlilo, izimangalo zokulwa namagciwane, ihadiwe yokufaka, amashejuli okushintsha, kanye nokuphathwa kwemfucuza konke kuthinta ukusebenza kanye nezindleko. Lo mhlahlandlela uchaza ukuthi izibhedlela zingahlola kanjani, zifake, futhi zigcine izinhlelo zamakhethini alahlwayo zigxile ekuphepheni, ekuthobeleni imithetho, kanye nokusebenza kahle.

Kungani Amakhethini Ezibhedlela Alahlwayo Ebalulekile

Ushintsho oluvela ezindwangu ezilukiwe zendabuko luye amakhethini asesibhedlela asetshenziswa kanye kuphela imele ushintsho oluphawulekayo ekuphathweni kwezikhungo zezempilo. Njengoba izibhedlela zibhekene nengcindezi ekhulayo yokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kweziguli, ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwemvelo, kanye nokuphatha isabelomali sokusebenza esilinganiselwe, abaqondisi bezikhungo bacabanga kakhulu ngezinye izindlela zokusebenzisa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwansuku zonke futhi kusekelwe izinqubo zokuphepha kwezokwelapha.

Incazelo Yezokwelapha kanye Namacala Okusetshenziswa

Kwenziwe ngokuyinhloko nge-polypropylene engalukiwe (ipulasitiki yohlobo 5), izithiyo ezilahlwayo ukuhlinzeka ngobumfihlo obusheshayo ngaphandle komthwalo wempahla wokuhlanza izingubo zezimboni. Imininingwane ejwayelekile ivame ukulinganisa isisindo sezinto ezibonakalayo esiphakathi kwamagremu ayi-100 no-120 ngemitha yesikwele (gsm) ukuqinisekisa ukucaca okwanele kanye namandla okudonsa.

Lawa makhethini avame ukufakwa emayunithi okunakekelwa okujulile (ama-ICU), iminyango yezimo eziphuthumayo, kanye namagumbi okuhlukaniswa, lapho kudingeka khona ukujika ngokushesha ekamelweni. Isimo sokungathandi amanzi se-polypropylene engalukiwe sixosha uketshezi lomzimba, sivikele abasebenzi ngesikhathi sezinqubo zokukhiqiza i-aerosol. Kodwa-ke, izikhungo kumele zihlole imiphumela yemvelo: amakhethini ezokwelapha e-polypropylene ngokuvamile aziphinde zisetshenziswe emifudlaneni yemfucuza ejwayelekile. Ngenxa yalokho, ukushintshela ezinkethweni zokusetshenziswa kanye kungandisa kakhulu inani lemfucuza yesikhungo uma izinhlelo ezikhethekile zokuvuselela kabusha zendawo zingatholakali. Ezindaweni ezinobukhulu obuphansi noma izikhungo ezinengqalasizinda yokuwasha izingubo esebenza kahle kakhulu futhi eqhubekayo, amakhethini avamile angasetshenziswa kabusha angase abe ngcono ukunciphisa imfucuza yepulasitiki kanye nezindleko zokuthenga eziqhubekayo.

Ukulawulwa Kokutheleleka kanye Neziqhubi Zezentengiselwano

Umshini oyinhloko wokwamukela izixazululo zobumfihlo ezilahlwayo ukunciphisa izifo ezihlobene nokunakekelwa kwempilo (HAIs). Amagciwane anjenge I-Clostridioides difficile kanye nokungamelani ne-Methicillin I-Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ingaphila ngezindwangu zendabuko isikhathi eside. Ngokusebenzisa amakhethini esibhedlela ukuze isiguli siphephe, izikhungo zinganciphisa izingozi ezihlobene nokuwashwa okungaphelele kanye nokuthuthwa kwezindwangu ezingcolile.

Ngokwezezimali, ushintsho lushintsha izindleko kusukela ekuhlanzweni okuphindaphindwayo kuya ekuthengweni okuqhubekayo kanye nokulahlwa kwemfucuza. Nakuba izingwegwe ezilayisha ngokushesha zinganciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi kokuhlanza izitolo kanye nokonga abasebenzi, abaqondisi be-supply chain kumele bahlole ngokucophelela lezi ziguquguquko. Izinketho zokusetshenziswa kanye azinciphisi ngokuzenzakalelayo izindleko eziphelele zobunikazi uma kuqhathaniswa nezindwangu ezingasetshenziswa kabusha.

Indlela Yokuqhathanisa Amakhethini Esibhedlela Alahlwayo

Ukukhetha uhlelo lokuhlukanisa olufanele kudinga ukuhlolwa kwesayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo, ukuthobela imithetho, kanye nezindleko zomjikelezo wokuphila. Amaqembu okuthenga kumele abheke ngale kwentengo yokuqala yamayunithi ukuze ahlole inani eliphelele, umthelela wemvelo, kanye nephrofayili yokuphepha komkhiqizo.

Izindinganiso Zendwangu, Ezokulwa Namagciwane, kanye Nokuphepha Komlilo

Kuye ngemithetho yesifunda, amakhethini ezokwelapha kumele balandele izindinganiso ezithile zokuphepha emlilweni, njengokudlula ukuhlolwa kwe-NFPA 701 noma i-BS 5867 Ingxenye 2 Uhlobo C kokusha. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa lezi zitifiketi, njengoba ukuthobela imithetho kuhluka kakhulu ngokwesifunda nomkhiqizo. Abathengi kufanele bahlale becela imibiko yokuhlolwa ezimele, evela kubantu besithathu kunokuba bacabange ukuthi bayahambisana nayo yonke indawo. Ngokungafani nezindwangu zendabuko ezingase zilahlekelwe yizakhiwo ezivimbela umlilo ngemva kokuwasha okuphindaphindiwe, izinketho zokwenziwa zekhwalithi zivame ukuphathwa ngesikhathi sokukhipha ukuze kugcinwe ukumelana nomlilo unomphela.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinhlobo zifaka ubuchwepheshe bokulwa namagciwane, njengokwelashwa kwe-silver-ion, okwenzelwe ukunciphisa umthwalo wamagciwane. Okubaluleke kakhulu, lokhu kwelashwa akuthathi indawo yokushintsha okuhleliwe noma ukuhlanza ubuso njalo. Abathengi kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi noma yiziphi izimangalo zokusebenza kahle zisekelwa idatha ethile yomkhiqizo futhi zihambisana ne-EPA noma izidingo zokubhalisa zesifunda ezifanayo.

Uhlu Lokuhlola Lokuqhathanisa Ukuthengwa Kwesibhedlela

Ukuze kwenziwe izinqumo zokuthenga zibe zifana, amakomidi okuthenga kufanele asebenzise i-matrix yokuqhathanisa ehlola izilinganiso zokusebenza ngokuqhathanisa nezinketho ezijwayelekile ezilukiwe. Uhlu lokuhlola olulandelayo luqokomisa umehluko ongaba khona ekuphathweni komjikelezo wokuphila kanye nokwabiwa kwezinsiza, yize izibalo eziqondile zizohluka ngokuya ngesikhungo kanye nomkhiqizo.

Ngokuhlola lezi zinhlaka, abaqondisi be-supply chain bangabikezela ngokunembile izindleko eziphelele zobunikazi. Izikhungo kumele zilinganisele izindleko zokuqala eziphezulu kanye nezindleko zokuwasha amakhethini endabuko ngokumelene nezidingo zokuthenga okuqhubekayo kanye nokuphathwa kwemfucuza ze izinketho ezilahlwayo.

Ukufakwa Nokulungiswa Kwezindlela Ezinhle Kakhulu Zokusebenza

Impumelelo yokusebenza kwe izingxenye ezilahlwayo Ithembela kakhulu ezimisweni zokufaka ezijwayelekile kanye nokuxhumana okungenamthungo phakathi kwezinsizakalo zemvelo (i-EVS) kanye neminyango yokuvimbela ukutheleleka. Ukusungula izindlela zokusebenza ezicacile neziphindaphindayo kuqinisekisa ukuthi izinzuzo zezokwelapha zomkhiqizo ziyagcwaliseka ngokugcwele.

Izindinganiso Zokufaka Ezisheshayo Zamaqembu Ezakhiwo

Eziningi zesimanje amakhethini obumfihlo besibhedlela zenzelwe ukuthunyelwa ngokushesha, kusetshenziswa ama-glide hook noma izinhlelo ze-U-hook ezihloselwe ukuhlanganiswa nengqalasizinda yethrekhi yophahla ekhona. Kodwa-ke, ama-hook "awonke" angase angalingani nazo zonke izinhlelo zethrekhi, futhi amanye amakhethini angasetshenziswa kabusha nawo anikeza ihadiwe yokushintsha ngokushesha; ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwethrekhi kufanele kwandulele noma yikuphi ukuthengwa. Amaqembu ezikhungo kufanele aqeqeshe abasebenzi be-EVS ngesiqondiso esilandelayo sesinyathelo ngesinyathelo ukuqinisekisa ukuthunyelwa okufanele:

1. Hlola: Qinisekisa ukuqina kwethrekhi bese uqinisekisa ukuthi uhlobo olufanele lwehhuku lukhethiwe ku-rail ekhona.
2. Qondanisa: Khulula ikhethini bese uqondanisa izingwegwe zokulayisha okusheshayo nendawo yokufaka ithrekhi.
3. Faka: Faka izingwegwe emzileni ngokulandelana, uqinisekise ukuthi ikhethini lihamba kahle ngaphandle kokubamba.
4. Qinisekisa: Qinisekisa ukuthi ikhethini livula phansi ukuze kuvinjelwe izingozi zokukhubeka ngenkathi lihlinzeka ngesembozo esiphelele sobumfihlo besiguli.

Ngaphansi kwezinqubo ezilungiselelwe kahle, ochwepheshe bangathatha indawo amakhethini angcolile ngokushesha. Leli khono lokushintsha elisebenzayo liwusizo kakhulu ngezikhathi zokwanda kwemvula ebusika noma izimo zokuqubuka kwezifo endaweni, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukutholakala kwemibhede akubambezeleki ngokulungiswa kwemingcele yobumfihlo.

Ukuhlanganiswa Kokuthengwa Nokuvimbela Ukutheleleka

Ukuphathwa komjikelezo wokuphila okuphumelelayo kudinga ukubambisana okuqinile phakathi kwabaphathi bezinketho zokuhlinzeka kanye nochwepheshe bokulawula ukutheleleka. Izikhungo kumele zisebenzise amashejuli aqinile okushintsha asekelwe ekuqineni kwegumbi lokunakekela iziguli, amazinga okushintsha kweziguli, kanye neziqondiso zomkhiqizi. Isibonelo, amakhethini asetshenziswa kanye emitholampilo nasezindlini zokugeza Ngokuvamile izindawo zokulaliswa esibhedlela zivame ukuhlelelwa ukushintshwa njalo ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, kanti lezo ezisetshenziswa ezindaweni zokusha, amawadi okwelapha umdlavuza, noma amakamelo okuhlukaniswa ukuze kuqashelwe ukuthintana nazo ngokuvamile zidinga ukulahlwa ngokushesha lapho isiguli siphuma esibhedlela.

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe lezi zinqubo, amaqembu okulungisa angasebenzisa amalebula okuhlola ahlanganisiwe aphrintiwe ezihlokweni eziningi zamakhethini.

Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele

• Khetha amakhethini e-polypropylene angalukiwe angaba ngu-100–120 gsm uma kudingeka i-opacity, amandla, kanye nokufakwa okusheshayo ezindaweni zezokwelapha.
• Beka phambili amakhethini angasetshenziswa kabusha e-ICU, eminyangweni yezimo eziphuthumayo, kanye nasezindlini zokuhlukaniswa lapho ukushesha kokushintsha kanye nokulawula ukungcola kuyizinto eziza kuqala ekusebenzeni.
• Cela imibiko yokuhlolwa kokuphepha komlilo ezimele, njengokuhambisana ne-NFPA 701 noma i-BS 5867, ngaphambi kokuvuma noma yimuphi umkhiqizo wekhethini ozosetshenziswa esibhedlela.
• Phatha izimangalo zokulwa namagciwane njengesengezo sezinqubo zokulawula ukutheleleka, hhayi esikhundleni sokushintsha amakhethini okuhleliwe kanye nokuhlanza ubuso.
• Bala izindleko eziphelele zobunikazi ngokufaka phakathi ukuthenga, ukonga abasebenzi, ukugwema ukuwasha izingubo, ukugcina, ukulahlwa kwemfucuza, kanye nomthelela emvelweni.
• Hlola izinketho zokusebenzisa kabusha noma zokulahla endaweni ngaphambi kokusebenzisa kabanzi ngoba amakhethini e-polypropylene angandisa inani lemfucuza yezokwelapha.

imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Amakhethini asesibhedlela angasetshenziswa kabusha enziwe ngani?

Iningi lenziwe nge-polypropylene engalukiwe, ngokuvamile engaba ngu-100–120 gsm, ukuze inikeze ubumfihlo, i-opacity, kanye namandla anele okuthambekela okusetshenziswa emtholampilo.

Kukuphi lapho amakhethini obumfihlo angasetshenziswa khona awusizo kakhulu?

Ziwusizo ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zokunakekelwa kwempilo ezigulayo, eminyangweni yezimo eziphuthumayo, emagumbini okuhlaliswa kwabantu bodwa, nakwezinye izindawo lapho ukushintsha kwamakamelo ngokushesha kanye nokulawula ukungcola kuyizinto eziza kuqala.

Ingabe amakhethini alahlwayo ayasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yokutheleleka?

Bangasekela izindlela zokulawula ukutheleleka ngokuqeda izikhala zokuhlanza izingubo nokunciphisa ukuthintana nezindwangu ezingcolile, ikakhulukazi lapho amagciwane anjenge-MRSA noma i-C. difficile eyinkinga.

Ingabe amakhethini alahlwayo alwa namagciwane awanakekelwa?

Cha. Ukwelashwa ngama-antimicrobial kunganciphisa umthwalo wamagciwane, kodwa akuthathi indawo yokushintsha okuhleliwe, ukuhlanza okuvamile, noma izinqubo zokulawula ukutheleleka ezibhalwe phansi.

Yiziphi izindinganiso zokuphepha emlilweni okufanele izibhedlela zizihlole?

Izikhungo kufanele zicele imibiko yokuhlolwa evela eceleni ngezindinganiso ezisebenzayo njenge-NFPA 701 noma i-BS 5867 Ingxenye 2 Uhlobo C, kuye ngezidingo zesifunda.