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Umhlahlandlela Wokushintsha Amakhethini Esibhedlela Ngokujwayelekile
amakhethini esibhedlela idlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni inhlanzeko ezikhungweni zezempilo. Ukusetshenziswa kwamakhethini asetshenziswa kanye, njengeikhethini elilahlwayo izinketho, kuya ngokuya kuthandwa kakhulu ukuvimbela ukutheleleka nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwesiguli. Ukushintsha njalo kwalokhu amakhethini e-cubicle alahlwayokubalulekile, ngokulahla Ikhethini Legumbi Lokuhlalas yezibhedlela ezidinga ukushintshwa njalo. Ukuvama kokushintsha kuyahlukahluka kakhulu ezindaweni ezahlukene zezibhedlela; isibonelo, amakamelo eziguli ajwayelekile angadingaamakhethini obumfihlo alahlwayo kufanele zishintshwe njalo ezinyangeni ezintathu, kuyilapho amayunithi okunakekela abagula kakhulu evame ukudinga izinguquko eziphindaphindwayo.
Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele
- Shintsha amakhethini esibhedlela njalo ezinyangeni ezintathu kuya kweziyisihlanu ezindaweni ezijwayelekile ukuze kugcinwe inhlanzeko futhi kuvinjelwe izifo.
- Ezindaweni ezinobungozi obukhulu njengezindawo zokunakekelwa kwabesifazane abagula kakhulu, shintsha amakhethini njalo emavikini amabili kuya kwamane noma ngokushesha ngemva kokuphuma esigulini ukuze uthuthukise ukuphepha kwesiguli.
- Sebenzisa amakhethini alahlwayo ukuze uthole inhlanzeko engcono kakhulu, okuvumela ukuthi kufakwe amanye ngokushesha futhi kuncishiswe ingozi yokutheleleka okuhlobene nokunakekelwa kwempilo.
Imvamisa Enconywayo Yokushintsha Amakhethini Esibhedlela
Iziqondiso Ezijwayelekile
Ukugcina ukuhlanzeka kwamakhethini asesibhedlela kubalulekile ekulawuleni ukutheleleka. I-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) incoma ukushintsha amakhethini alahlwayo okungenani kanye ngenyanga. Kodwa-ke, izimo ezithile zingadinga ukushintshwa njalo. Nazi ezinye iziqondiso ezijwayelekile zokushintsha amakhethini asesibhedlela:
- Ukushintsha Kwanyanga Zonke: Ezindaweni zokunakekelwa kweziguli ezijwayelekile, amakhethini kufanele ashintshwe njalo ngenyanga eyodwa kuya kwezintathu.
- Ukushintsha OkusheshayoUma amakhethini ebonakala engcolile, engcolile, noma onakele, kumele ashintshwe ngokushesha.
- Ukuthintana Nezinto EzingcolisayoAmakhethini athinta igazi, uketshezi lomzimba, noma izinto ezithathelwanayo adinga ukushintshwa ngokushesha ukuze kuvinjelwe ukusabalala kwezifo.
Ukuhlanza njalo nokushintsha amakhethini asesibhedlela kunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokutheleleka okuhlobene nokunakekelwa kwempilo (ii-HAI). Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi cishe isiguli esisodwa kwezingu-25 esibhedlela sithola i-HAI njalo ngonyaka, ngokuvamile ngenxa yezindawo ezingcolisiwe, okuhlanganisa namakhethini asesibhedlela. Ngakho-ke, ukunamathela esimisweni esiqinile sokushintsha kubalulekile ekugcineni indawo ephephile.
Izindawo Ezinengozi Ephakeme
Izindawo ezinobungozi obukhulu, njengezindawo zokunakekela abagula kakhulu (i-ICU) kanye namakamelo okuhlukaniswa, zidinga ukunamathela okuqinile ngisho nangokwengeziwe ezimisweni zokufaka esikhundleni. I-CDC yeluleka ukuthi amakhethini kulezi zindawo kufanele ahlanzwe futhi ahlanzwe njalo, kanye nokuvama kuncike engcupheni yokungcola. Nazi ezinye izinto ezibalulekile mayelana nezindawo ezinobungozi obukhulu:
- Imvamisa EkhuphukileAmakhethini asezindlini ezigulayo kufanele ashintshwe njalo emavikini amabili kuya kwamane noma ngokushesha ngemva kokuphuma kwesiguli.
- Ukuhlanza Kwansuku Zonke Noma Kwamasonto OnkeKwezinye izimo, ukuhlanza kwansuku zonke noma kwamasonto onke kungadingeka, ikakhulukazi uma kunengozi enkulu yokutheleleka.
- Ukungcola OkubonakalayoAmakhethini kufanele ahlanzwe uma engcolile ngokubonakalayo noma ngemva kokuchitheka kwegazi noma uketshezi lomzimba.
Isidingo sokushintsha njalo ezindaweni ezinobungozi obukhulu sibangelwa ukwanda kwamathuba okungcoliswa okuhlukahlukene. Amakhethini asesibhedlela angaba namagciwane, okungaholela kuma-HAI uma engaphathwa kahle. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenzisa uhlelo lokushintsha oluqinile kubalulekile ekuvikeleni iziguli ezisengozini nokuqinisekisa inhlanzeko yesibhedlela iyonke.
| Indawo Yesibhedlela | Imvamisa Yokuhlanza Enconyiwe |
|---|---|
| Amagumbi Eziguli Ajwayelekile | Njalo ngenyanga eyodwa kuya kwezintathu |
| Amayunithi Okunakekelwa Okujulile (ama-ICU) | Njalo emavikini amabili kuya kwamane noma ngemva kokuphuma esigulini |
| Amagumbi Ezimo Eziphuthumayo (ama-ER) | Njalo emavikini amabili kuya kwamane noma ngemva kokuchayeka engozini enkulu |
| Amagumbi Okusebenza kanye Namayunithi Okuzihlukanisa | Ngemva kwenqubo ngayinye yokuhlinzwa noma ukuphuma kwesiguli |
| Amawadi Okubeletha kanye Nezingane | Njalo ngenyanga eyodwa kuya kwezimbili, kuyanda ezimweni ezinobungozi obukhulu |
Ngokulandela lezi ziqondiso, izibhedlela zinganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokutheleleka futhi zithuthukise ukuphepha kweziguli.
Izici Ezithonya Ukufakwa Kwekhethini Lesibhedlela
Uhlobo Lwamakhethini
Uhlobo lwamakhethini asetshenziswa ezibhedlela luthinta kakhulu imvamisa yokuwashintsha. Izinto ezihlukahlukene zamakhethini zinikeza amazinga ahlukene okumelana nokungcola. Isibonelo, amakhethini alwa namagciwane aphathwa ngezingubo ezivimbela ukukhula kwamagciwane kanye nesikhunta. Lesi sici sithuthukisa ukulawulwa kokutheleleka futhi sinciphisa ingozi yokungcola. Izinto ezihlala isikhathi eside, njengezindwangu ezisindayo, zimelana nokudabuka nokucindezeleka komshini, ziqinisekisa ukuhlala isikhathi eside kanye nekhono lokumelana nokuhlanzwa njalo. Izinhlelo ezilahlwayo zivumela ukushintshwa okusheshayo phakathi kokuhlinzwa, okuthuthukisa ukungabi namagciwane ezindaweni zokuhlinza. Izindwangu zezinga lezokwelapha, ezinokuthunga okuqinisiwe kanye nokuvikelwa okuqinisekisiwe kwamagciwane, zinikeza ukonga kwesikhathi eside futhi zithuthukisa ukuhambisana nezindinganiso zokulawula ukutheleleka.
| Uhlobo Lwekhethini | Izici | Izinzuzo |
|---|---|---|
| Amakhethini Okulwa Namagciwane | Iphathwe ngezingubo zokuvimbela ukukhula kwamagciwane kanye nesikhunta | Kuthuthukisa ukulawulwa kokutheleleka futhi kunciphisa ingozi yokungcoliswa |
| Izinto Ezihlala Isikhathi Eside | Isebenza kanzima, imelana nokudabuka nokucindezeleka kwemishini | Iqinisekisa ukuhlala isikhathi eside futhi imelana nokuhlanzwa njalo ngaphandle kokuwohloka |
| Izinhlelo Ezilahlwayo | Kungashintshwa ngokushesha phakathi kokuhlinzwa | Kunciphisa isikhathi sokulungisa futhi kuthuthukisa ukungazali ezindaweni zokuhlinza |
| Izindwangu Zezinga Lezokwelapha | Ukuthunga okuqinisiwe kanye nokuvikelwa okuqinisekisiwe kokulwa namagciwane | Inikeza ukonga kwesikhathi eside futhi ithuthukisa ukuhambisana nokulawulwa kokutheleleka |
Amazinga Okungcoliswa
Amazinga okungcoliswa ezindaweni zesibhedlela nawo anquma ukuthi amakhethini kufanele ashintshwe kangaki. Amakhethini kumele ashintshwe ngokushesha uma ebonisa amabala abonakalayo, ukuklebhuka, noma evezwe oketshezini lomzimba. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi cishe amakhethini angu-90% angcolile abonakala ephethe amagciwane ayingozi, okwandisa kakhulu ingozi yokutheleleka okuhlobene nokunakekelwa kwempilo. Ezindaweni ezinobungozi obukhulu njengezikhungo zokunakekelwa okujulile (i-ICU) kanye namagumbi okunakekela umdlavuza, izibhedlela zivame ukushintsha amakhethini njalo ngekota, okuhambisana nokwehla okungu-22% kwamazinga okutheleleka. Izikhungo ezandisa ukushintshwa kwamakhethini ngaphezu kwezinyanga ezingu-12 zibhekene nokwanda okungu-40% kwengozi yokungcoliswa kwendawo. I-CDC yeluleka ukuthi amakhethini kufanele ahlanzwe futhi ahlanzwe amagciwane lapho engcolile noma ngemva kokuchitheka kwegazi noma uketshezi lomzimba.
- Amashejuli okushintsha kufanele avumelane nokunyakaza kwesiguli kunezikhathi ezimisiwe, ikakhulukazi emakamelweni okuhlukaniswa kanye nasezindlini zokusha.
- Izibhedlela ezishintsha amakhethini njalo emavikini amabili ezindlini zokusha zibika ukuthi izifo ezihlobene nokunakekelwa kwempilo ziyancipha cishe ngo-60% uma kuqhathaniswa nalezo ezilinda inyanga yonke.
Ngokuqonda uhlobo lwamakhethini kanye namazinga okungcola, izikhungo zezempilo zingasebenzisa amasu okufaka esikhundleni asebenzayo athuthukisa ukuphepha kwesiguli.
Iziqondiso Zeziphathimandla Zezempilo Zamakhethini Esibhedlela
Izincomo ze-CDC
I-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) inikeza iziqondiso ezibalulekile zokugcinwa nokufakwa kwamakhethini esibhedlela. Lezi zincomo zihlose ukunciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka okuhlobene nokunakekelwa kwempilo (HAIs) okuhlobene nezindawo ezingcolisiwe. Amaphuzu abalulekile avela ku-CDC afaka:
- Ukushintsha Okuvamile: I-CDC yeluleka ukuthi izibhedlela zishintshe amakhethini ezindaweni ezijwayelekile zeziguli njalo ngenyanga eyodwa kuya kwezintathu. Ezindaweni ezinobungozi obukhulu, njengezindawo zokunakekelwa okujulile (ama-ICU) kanye namagumbi ezimo eziphuthumayo, imvamisa enconywayo iyanda njalo emavikini amabili kuya kwamane noma ngokushesha ngemva kokuphuma kwesiguli.
- Isinyathelo Esisheshayo SokungcoliswaUma amakhethini ebonakala engcolile noma ethinta igazi noma uketshezi lomzimba, i-CDC itusa ukuthi kufakwe elinye ngokushesha. Lesi senzo sibalulekile ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwamagciwane.
- Ukuhlanganiswa Nezinye Izindlela Zokulawula Ukutheleleka: I-CDC igcizelela ukuthi ukushintshwa kwamakhethini kufanele kuhambisane neminye imikhuba yokulawula ukutheleleka, njengokuhlanzeka kwezandla kanye nokuhlanza ubuso. Le ndlela ehlanganisiwe ithuthukisa ukuphepha kwesiguli sonke.
Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi amakhethini obumfihlo besibhedlela angaba namagciwane ayingozi, okuhlanganisa i-MRSA kanye ne-COVID-19. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi amakhethini obumfihlo besibhedlela angu-31% ahlolwe ukuthi ane-MRSA, okugqamisa isidingo sokunamathela ngokuqinile ezinhlelweni zokufaka esikhundleni. Ngisho nangemva kokuwasha, amakhethini angangcoliswa zingakapheli isonto, okubeka ingozi yokuqubuka kwalesi sifo. Ngakho-ke, izibhedlela kumele zibeke phambili ukuhlanzeka kwamakhethini njengengxenye yezinqubo zazo zokulawula ukutheleleka.
Izinqubomgomo Zezikhungo
Ngaphezu kweziqondiso ze-CDC, izibhedlela ngazinye zivame ukuthuthukisa izinqubomgomo zazo mayelana nokufakwa kwamakhethini. Lezi zinqubomgomo zivame ukukhombisa izidingo nezingozi ezihlukile ezihambisana neziguli zazo. Imikhuba evamile ihlanganisa:
- Amashejuli Okushintshana AngokwezifisoIzibhedlela zingase zenze amashejuli afanele ngokusekelwe ezingozini zomnyango kanye nezibalo zabantu abagulayo. Isibonelo, izindawo ezinobungozi obukhulu njengezindawo zokunakekelwa kwabantwana abagula kakhulu kanye namakamelo okuhlukaniswa zidinga ukuguqulwa kwamakhethini njalo kunezindawo ezijwayelekile zeziguli.
- Izindlela Ezinhle Kakhulu Ezivela Ezibhedlela Ezihamba PhambiliIzibhedlela eziningi zisebenzisa izindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokushintsha amakhethini. Ithebula elilandelayo lifingqa izikhathi ezinconywayo zokushintsha amakhethini ezivela ezikhungweni ezahlukene zezempilo:
| Indawo Yokusebenzisa | Imvamisa Yokufaka Ephakanyisiwe Enconyiwe |
|---|---|
| Amagumbi Eziguli Ajwayelekile | Njalo ngenyanga eyodwa kuya kwezintathu |
| Amayunithi Okunakekelwa Okujulile (ama-ICU) | Njalo emavikini amabili kuya kwamane noma ngemva kokuphuma esigulini |
| Amagumbi Ezimo Eziphuthumayo (ama-ER) | Njalo emavikini amabili kuya kwamane noma ngemuva kokuchayeka engozini enkulu |
| Amagumbi Okusebenza | Ngemva kwenqubo ngayinye yokuhlinzwa noma ukuphuma kwesiguli |
| Amayunithi Okuzihlukanisa | Ngemva kokuphuma kwesiguli ngasinye |
| Amawadi Okubeletha kanye Nezingane | Njalo ngenyanga eyodwa kuya kwezimbili, kuyanda ezimweni ezinobungozi obukhulu |
- Gxila Ezikhandelweni Ezilahlwayo: Izikhungo eziningi zishintshela kumakhethini ezibhedlela angasetshenziswa kabusha, ahlinzeka ngenhlanzeko ephezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinketho zendwangu zendabuko. Lawa makhethini angashintshwa njalo ezinyangeni ezintathu kuya kweziyisithupha, ngokuvumelana namasu okulawula ukutheleleka futhi anikele ekongeni izindleko.
Ngokunamathela ezincomweni ze-CDC kanye nokuthuthukisa izinqubomgomo eziqinile zezikhungo, izibhedlela zinganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokutheleleka okuhlobene namakhethini ezibhedlela. Le ndlela yokuqapha ayigcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukuphepha kweziguli kodwa futhi ikhuthaza isiko lokuhlanzeka kanye nokuzibophezela ezindaweni zokunakekelwa kwempilo.
Ukushintsha njalo amakhethini ezibhedlela kubalulekile ekulawuleni ukutheleleka ngempumelelo. Ukunamathela eziqondisweni ezimisiwe kuhlobene ngqo nemiphumela yokuvimbela ukutheleleka ethuthukisiwe. Izibhedlela eziqeqesha abasebenzi ngezinqubo zokulungisa nokufaka esikhundleni esifanele zithuthukisa ukuthobela imithetho kanye nokuqwashisa. Le ndlela yokuqapha iziguli inegalelo elikhulu ekuphepheni kwazo kanye nokuhlanzeka kwazo zonke izindawo zokunakekelwa kwempilo.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Kufanele kushintshwe kangaki amakhethini asesibhedlela?
Amakhethini asesibhedlela kufanele ashintshwe njalo ngenyanga eyodwa kuya kwezintathu ezindaweni ezijwayelekile kanye njalo emavikini amabili kuya kwamane ezindaweni ezinobungozi obukhulu.
Yiziphi izici ezithinta imvamisa yokufakwa kwamakhethini?
Izici zifaka phakathi uhlobo lwekhethini, amazinga okungcola, kanye nezinqubomgomo ezithile zesibhedlela ezenzelwe izidingo zesiguli kanye nezinyathelo zokulawula ukutheleleka.
Ingabe amakhethini alahlwayo ahlanzekile kakhulu?
Yebo, amakhethini alahlwayo anikeza inhlanzeko engcono kakhulu njengoba angashintshwa njalo, okunciphisa ingozi yokungcola kanye nezifo ezihlobene nokunakekelwa kwempilo.
