Indlela Amakhethini Ezibhedlela Alahlwayo Athuthukisa Ngayo Izindinganiso Zokuhlanzeka

Izibhedlela zibhekene nezinselele eziqhubekayo ekulawuleni izifo. Amakhethini, avame ukunganakwa, angaba namagciwane ayingozi. amakhethini esibhedlela inikeza ikhambi elishintsha umdlalo. Izifundo zembula ukuthi amakhethini aphinde asetshenziswe angu-92% angcoliswa phakathi nesonto, kuyilapho izinketho ezilahlwayo zigcina izinga lokungcoliswa elingu-0.56 CFU elihlaba umxhwele. Lo mbono omusha unciphisa ukusabalala kwezifo, uvikela iziguli kanye nabasebenzi ngokufanayo.

Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele

• Amakhethini asesibhedlela anezinto zokulwa namagciwane Zihlala zihlanzekile, zenza isibhedlela siphephe kuwo wonke umuntu.
• Amakhethini alahlwayo kulula ukuwasebenzisa futhi asindisa isikhathi. Njengoba esetshenziswa kanye, asikho isidingo sokuwageza. Lokhu kuvumela izisebenzi zasesibhedlela ukuthi zichithe isikhathi esiningi zisiza iziguli.
• Ukusebenzisa amakhethini alahlwayo kungonga imali. Izibhedlela zichitha imali encane ekuhlanzeni nasekulungiseni kuyilapho zigcina izinto zihlanzekile.

Indlela Amakhethini Ezibhedlela Alwa Namagciwane Avimbela Ngayo Ukutheleleka

Indima Yamakhethini Ekudlulisweni Kwegciwane

Amakhethini asesibhedlela avame ukunganakwa njengomthombo wokutheleleka. Noma kunjalo, adlala indima ebalulekile ekusakazeni amagciwane ayingozi. Amakhethini avame ukuthintwa yiziguli kanye nabasebenzi bezempilo, okwenza abe yindawo ethandwa kakhulu yokungcola. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi amakhethini aseceleni kombhede angangcoliswa zingakapheli isonto elilodwa nje eshintshiwe. Isibonelo:

Ngaphezu kwalokho:

• Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi i-MRSA ku-31% weziguli ezine-HIV. Amakhethini Obumfihlo egunjini lokusha/lokuhlinzwa kwepulasitiki.
• Amazinga amagciwane emakhethini akhuphuka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kanti iningi lamakhethini angcoliswe yi-MRSA ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-14.

Lokhu okutholakele kugcizelela isidingo esibalulekile sokuthi izixazululo ezifana namakhethini ezibhedlela alwa namagciwane ukunciphisa ingozi yokudluliswa kwesifo.

Izakhiwo Zokulwa Namagciwane kanye Nomphumela Wazo

Amakhethini asesibhedlela alwa namagciwane aklanyelwe ukulwa nama-bacteria kanye nezinye izifo. Ukwelashwa kwawo okuyingqayizivele kuvimbela ukukhula kwama-microbial, okudala indawo ephephile yeziguli kanye nabasebenzi. Ucwaningo lusekela ukusebenza kwawo. Isibonelo:

• Ucwaningo olunezikhungo eziningi lubonise ukuthi amakhethini alwa namagciwane anciphisa kakhulu ukungcoliswa kwamagciwane, lapho amayunithi akha ikoloni ehla esuka ku-57 aya ku-1 (P
• Isikhathi esimaphakathi sokungcoliswa kokuqala yizinto eziphilayo ezingamelana nemithi eminingi (ama-MDRO) sasinde ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-27.6 kumakhethini alwa namagciwane uma kuqhathaniswa nalawo ajwayelekile.

La makhethini awagcini nje ngokunciphisa ukungcola kodwa futhi andisa isikhathi phakathi kokushintsha, okwenza kube ukukhetha okusebenzayo ezikhungweni zezempilo.

Ukuqeda Izingozi Zokungcoliswa Okuhlukahlukene

Ukungcoliswa kwamagciwane kuyinkinga enkulu ezibhedlela. Lapho izisebenzi zezempilo zithinta amakhethini angcolile bese zisebenzisana neziguli, zingadlulisela amabhaktheriya ayingozi ngokungazi. Amakhethini asesibhedlela alwa namagciwane asiza ukuphula lolu chungechunge. Ngokunciphisa ngenkuthalo ukuba khona kwama-microbial, la makhethini anciphisa amathuba okusabalala kwamagciwane kusuka endaweni eyodwa kuya kwenye.

Isibonelo, ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile kwezifundo ezingu-23 kuqinisekisile ukusebenza kahle kwezindwangu zokulwa namagciwane ekunciphiseni ukutheleleka. Lokhu kusho amathuba ambalwa okuthi amagciwane ahambe phakathi kweziguli, abasebenzi, kanye nemishini. Ngalezi zikhethini, izibhedlela zingakha indawo ehlanzekile nephephile yawo wonke umuntu.

Ukuqhathanisa Amakhethini Alahlwayo Nalasetshenziswa Kabusha

Izinzuzo Zokuhlanzeka Nokunakekelwa

Uma kukhulunywa ngenhlanzeko, amakhethini asesibhedlela alahlwayo Amakhethini angasetshenziswa kabusha adinga ukuwashwa njalo, okungadla isikhathi futhi kubize umsebenzi omningi. Ngisho noma uwashwa kahle, kuhlale kunengozi yokuhlanza ngokuphelele. Amakhethini alahlwayo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, aklanyelwe ukusetshenziswa kanye, okususa isidingo sokuhlanzwa nokunciphisa amathuba okungcola.

Izifundo eziqhathanisa izinketho ezingasetshenziswa kabusha nezingasetshenziswa kabusha ziqokomisa umehluko omkhulu:

• Izikhungo ezisebenzisa izingubo zokugqoka ezilahlwayo kanye namakhethini zibike ukonga izindleko okungu-$2.36 ngenqubo ngayinye kanye no-$31,000 ngonyaka.
• Kubonakale ukwehla kwezindleko ngo-8.41%, ngenxa yokutheleleka okuncane kanye nezidingo zokunakekelwa eziphansi.
• Izinketho ezilahlwayo nazo zibe negalelo ekwehleni okuphawulekayo kwamazinga okutheleleka kwamanxeba, okwandisa ukukhanga kwazo.

Ngokukhetha amakhethini angasetshenziswa kabusha, izikhungo zokunakekelwa kwempilo zingagcina amazinga aphezulu okuhlanzeka ngenkathi zenza kube lula ukunakekela. Lokhu kuzenza zibe ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu ezibhedlela nasezikhungweni zokwelapha ezimatasa.

Ukusebenza Kahle Kwezindleko Nokusebenza Kahle

Uma ubheka kuqala, amakhethini angasetshenziswa kabusha angase abonakale engabizi kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi ayakwazi ukuwashwa futhi asetshenziswe kabusha izikhathi eziningi. Kodwa-ke, ukubuka okujulile kwembula indaba ehlukile. Amakhethini asetshenziswa kabusha anezindleko ezifihliwe, njengokuwasha, umsebenzi, kanye namandla adingekayo ekuhlanzeni. Lezi zindleko ziyanda ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okwenza angabi zindleko ezingcono kunalokho abonakala ngakho.

Amakhethini alahlwayo, yize edinga ukushintshwa njalo, anikeza imodeli yentengo elula. Ngokuvamile abiza phakathi kuka-$0.50 kuya ku-$2.00 ngeyunithi ngayinye, kanti amakhethini angasetshenziswa kabusha aqala ku-$5.00 kuya ku-$10.00 lilinye. Ukuhlaziywa komjikelezo wokuphila kukhombisa ukuthi ukuthenga amakhethini ayi-100 angasetshenziswa kabusha kubiza izindleko zesikhathi esisodwa ezingaba ngu-$800. Ngokuphambene nalokho, amakhethini alahlwayo angabiza cishe u-$200 ezinyangeni eziyisithupha uma eshintshwa masonto onke.

Ukuze izikhungo zezempilo zibeke phambili ukusebenza kahle, amakhethini alahlwayo enza kube lula ukuthutha. Aqeda isidingo sokuwasha amashejuli futhi anciphise umthwalo womsebenzi wabasebenzi. Lokhu kuvumela izibhedlela ukuthi zigxile kakhulu ekunakekelweni kweziguli futhi zingagxili ekuphathweni kwamakhethini.

Ukusimama Kwemvelo Kwamakhethini Alahlwayo

Ukusimama kuyinkinga ekhulayo kwezempilo, futhi amakhethini alahlwayo ayasondela enseleleni. Amakhethini esimanje alahlwayo, njengamakhethini obumfihlo e-Esun alwa namagciwane, enziwe ngezinto eziphinde zisetshenziswe kabusha eziyi-100%. Lo mklamo onobungani nemvelo usiza ekunciphiseni imfucuza futhi usekela imikhuba eqhubekayo.

Amakhethini angasetshenziswa kabusha, nakuba ebonakala eluhlaza, adinga amanzi amaningi, amandla, kanye nensipho yokuhlanza. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, le nqubo ingaba nomthelela omkhulu emvelweni kunokusebenzisa izinketho ezingasetshenziswa kabusha ezilahlwayo. Ngokukhetha amakhethini enziwe ngezinto ezingasetshenziswa kabusha, izikhungo zezempilo zingalinganisa inhlanzeko kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo emvelweni.

Amakhethini alahlwayo anciphisa nengozi yokuchayeka kumakhemikhali avela ezinhlotsheni zokuwasha ezisetshenziswa kabusha. Lokhu kuzenza zibe ukukhetha okuphephile nokuqhubekayo kokubili ezigulini kanye nomhlaba.

Izinzuzo Ezengeziwe Zamakhethini Esibhedlela Alwa Namagciwane

Ukonga Isikhathi Kwabasebenzi Bezempilo

Amakhethini alahlwayo enza kube lula ukusebenza kwabasebenzi bezempilo, onge isikhathi esibalulekile. Ngokungafani namakhethini aphinde asetshenziswe adinga ukuwashwa nokuhlela, izinketho ezilahlwayo zingashintshwa ngemizuzu embalwa. Lokhu kushintsha okusheshayo kuzuzisa kakhulu ezindaweni ezinengcindezi ephezulu njengamagumbi okuhlinzwa, lapho ukunciphisa isikhathi sokushintshana phakathi kwamacala kubalulekile.

Ngokwesibonelo:

Ngokwenza kube lula ukuphathwa kwamakhethini, izikhungo zokunakekelwa kwempilo zingavumela abasebenzi ukuthi bagxile kakhulu ekunakekelweni kweziguli futhi bagxile kakhulu emisebenzini yezokuthutha.

Ubumfihlo kanye Nenduduzo Yesiguli Ethuthukisiwe

Amakhethini asesibhedlela alwa namagciwane awathuthukisi nje kuphela inhlanzeko kodwa futhi athuthukisa ulwazi lwesiguli. Umklamo wawo ocatshangelwe kahle ubhekana nezinkinga ezivamile njengobumfihlo kanye nokunciphisa umsindo. Amakhethini athuthukisiwe ahlinzeka ngokumuncwa okungcono komsindo, athuthukisa ubumfihlo benkulumo futhi adale indawo ethule nekhululekile yeziguli.

Lezi zici zibaluleke kakhulu emakamelweni ahlanganyelwa abantu noma emawadini amatasa, lapho ukugcina isithunzi nenduduzo yesiguli kubalulekile khona.

Ukuhambisana Nezindinganiso Zokuhlanzeka Kwezempilo

Izibhedlela kumele zihlangabezane nemithetho eqinile yokuhlanzeka, futhi amakhethini ezibhedlela alwa namagciwane adlala indima ebalulekile ekufezeni ukuthobela imithetho. Izikhungo ezisebenzisa la makhethini zivame ukubona intuthuko elinganisekayo ekulawuleni ukutheleleka. Isibonelo:

• E-Mayo Clinic, amakhethini aphathwe nge-silver-ion anciphise ukutheleleka okutholakale esibhedlela (HAIs) ngo-18% eminyakeni emibili.
• Izindwangu ezifakwe ithusi zingasusa u-99.9% we-Staphylococcus aureus zingakapheli imizuzu engama-30, njengoba kuqinisekiswe ukuhlolwa okuqinisekiswe yi-EPA.
• Izindwangu ezilwa namagciwane zihlangabezana nezidingo zokukhishwa kwe-FDA 510(k), okuqinisekisa ukuthi ziyaphumelela ekuhlolweni okuqinile kokuhambisana kwezinto eziphilayo.

Ngokufaka la makhethini, izikhungo zezempilo zingahambisana nezindinganiso zemboni ngenkathi zidala indawo ephephile yeziguli nabasebenzi.

Amakhethini ezibhedlela alwa namagciwane aguqula ukuhlanzeka kwezempilo. Amakhethini endabuko, anezinga lokungcola elingu-92% phakathi nesonto, awasebenzi kahle. Ngokuphambene nalokho, izinketho ezilahlwayo zinciphisa ukuba khona kwamagciwane ngo-93%, zinciphisa izingozi zokutheleleka. Isenzo sawo sokulwa namagciwane sinciphisa ukuqubuka futhi senza kube lula umsebenzi wabasebenzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izibhedlela zonga izindleko zokuwasha ngenkathi ukuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwesiguli.

• Akukho zinkinga eziphakamayo ngesikhathi sokushintshela kumakhethini angasetshenziswa kabusha.
• Abasebenzi bathola ukuthi umthwalo wabo womsebenzi ulawuleka kalula.
• Izibhedlela zibika ukuqubuka kwezifo okufushane kanye nokuhlanzeka okungcono.

Ngokwamukela la makhethini, izikhungo zokunakekelwa kwempilo ziqinisekisa indawo ehlanzekile nephephile yawo wonke umuntu.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Yini eyenza amakhethini asesibhedlela angasetshenziswa kabusha abe ngcono kunalawo angasetshenziswa kabusha?

Amakhethini alahlwayo aqeda ukuwasha izingubo, anciphisa izingozi zokungcola, futhi onge isikhathi. Umklamo wawo wokusetshenziswa kanye uqinisekisa indawo ehlanzekile nephephile yeziguli nabasebenzi.

Ingabe amakhethini asesibhedlela alwa namagciwane aphephile ezigulini ezine-allergies?

Yebo, amakhethini alwa namagciwane njenge-Esun awabangeli ukungezwani komzimba. Asebenzisa izindlela zokwelapha ezingenabo ubuthi, okuqinisekisa ukuphepha kweziguli ezinesikhumba esibucayi noma izimo zokuphefumula.

Kufanele kushintshwe kangaki amakhethini asesibhedlela alahlwayo?

Zishintshe njengoba kudingeka, ngokuvamile ngemva kokuphuma kwesiguli noma ukungcola okubonakalayo. Ukufakwa kwazo ngokushesha kwenza kube lula ukushintsha njalo, okuqinisekisa amazinga afanele okuhlanzeka.