Izindwangu Zokudla ZaseSweden vs Amathawula Ephepha: Yikuphi Okusimeme Kakhulu?

Ukuchitheka kanye kungase kungabonakali njengesinqumo semvelo, kodwa uma kuphindaphindwa izikhathi ezingamakhulu ngonyaka, ukukhetha phakathi kwephepha elilahlwayo nezindwangu zokuhlanza ezingasetshenziswa kabusha kuyanezela. Indwangu YezitshaAma-s abe yindlela ewusizo yamakhishi angasebenzisi imfucuza eningi ngoba ahlanganisa ukumuncwa kwe-cellulose, amandla kakotini, kanye nokulahlwa kwemfucuza ekupheleni kokuphila. Amathawula ephepha asenendawo yokungcola okuthile okuhlanzekile noma okuyingozi, kodwa imodeli yawo yokusetshenziswa kanye idala ingcindezi eqhubekayo ngokusebenzisa izinsiza, imfucuza yokulahla udoti, kanye nezindleko zokufaka esikhundleni. Lokhu kuqhathanisa kubheka ukuthi izinketho ezimbili zihluka kanjani ekuqineni, ukumuncwa, ukumuncwa, kanye nokusebenza kwansuku zonke ukuze imindeni namabhizinisi bakwazi ukukhetha ithuluzi elifanele lezindawo ezihlanzekile ezinemfucuza encane.

Kungani Izindwangu Zesitsha SaseSweden Ziyisibonakaliso Sokuzinza

Ukushintshela emikhubeni eqhubekayo emakhaya nasemabhizinisini kuye kwabangela ukuhlolwa kabusha kwezinto zokuhlanza zansuku zonke. Sekungamashumi eminyaka, imikhiqizo yephepha esetshenziswa kanye kuphela ibusa ukuhlanza indawo ngenxa yokulula kwayo. Kodwa-ke, ukuqwashisa okwandayo ngokugawulwa kwamahlathi kanye nokungcola kwendawo yokulahla imfucuza kuye kwabangela isidingo sezinye izindlela ezihlala isikhathi eside nezinakekela imvelo.

Kulesi simo, Indwangu yesiponji yaseSweden sekuvele njengendlela ethandwayo yokuzinza. Ngokuhlanganisa ukumuncwa kwesiponji sendabuko nokuguquguquka kwethawula elilukiwe, lo mkhiqizo uphatha imisebenzi yokuhlanza enzima ngenkathi uhlangabezana nemigomo yemvelo. Umklamo ubonisa ukuthi izinto ezilula, ezithathwe ngokwemvelo zinganikeza kanjani okunye okusebenzayo nokuhlala isikhathi eside kunemikhiqizo elahlwayo.

Iyini Indwangu Yesitsha SaseSweden?

Yasungulwa ngo-1949 ngunjiniyela waseSweden, indwangu yokudla yendabuko yaseSweden ngokuvamile iqukethe i-pulp yokhuni engu-70% (i-cellulose) kanye ne-30% kakotini. Le nhlanganisela idala isakhiwo esinezimbobo eziningi esingamunca uketshezi oluningi kakhulu kunamathawula ajwayelekile—okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi isisindo sayo esomile esiphindwe izikhathi ezingu-20. Ngenxa yokuthi ayinawo amapulasitiki asekelwe ku-petroleum, isebenza njenge-eqinile indwangu yesiponji yasekhishini engasetshenziswa kabusha okumelana nokuklebhuka ngisho noma kugcwele.

Ngaphandle kokuqina kwayo, le nto iyakwazi ukuvundisa ekupheleni kwesikhathi sayo sokusetshenziswa. Esikhungweni sokukhiqiza umquba sezentengiselwano, indwangu ivame ukuwohloka phakathi kwamasonto ambalwa (ngokuvamile amasonto ayisithupha kuya kwayisishiyagalombili). Lokhu konakala kwemvelo kuqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo awushiyi nsalela encane yepulasitiki enhlabathini, okuhambisana kahle nezinhlelo zokulahla imfucuza.

Kungani Amathawula Ephepha Edala Izingcindezi Zokuzinza

Ukuthembela kakhulu kumathawula ephepha kubeka ingcindezi eqhubekayo ezintweni zemvelo. Izilinganiso zisikisela ukuthi e-United States kuphela, amathawula ephepha ayizigidigidi alahlwa minyaka yonke. Ngenxa yokuthi lawa mathawula avame ukungcoliswa ukudla okulahliwe, amafutha, noma izinto zokuhlanza zamakhemikhali, ngokuvamile awakwazi ukuphinde asetshenziswe futhi adluliselwa ngqo ezindaweni zokulahla udoti.

Umsebenzi wokukhiqiza iphepha elilahlwayo nawo unzima kakhulu. Ukukhiqiza umqulu ojwayelekile wamathawula ephepha kudinga amanzi amaningi ahlanzekile—ngokuvamile alinganiselwa kumagaloni angu-17—kanye namandla adingekayo ukugaya izinkuni, imicu ye-bleach, nokuthutha umkhiqizo wokugcina. Njengoba lezi zinto ezisetshenziswa kanye zibola ngaphansi kwezingqimba zemfucuza ezindaweni zokulahla udoti, zikhipha i-methane. Nakuba amathawula ephepha ehlala edingeka emisebenzini ethile—njengokuhlanza amajusi enyama eluhlaza, ukuchitheka okunobuthi, noma imfucuza yezokwelapha—imodeli yabo eqondile ethi “thatha-make-dispose” yenza zingafaneleki kakhulu ekuhlanzeni ubuso kwansuku zonke, okusetshenziswa kakhulu.

Izindwangu Zesidlo SaseSweden vs. Amathawula Ephepha

Ukuhlola umthelela wemvelo kanye nowezomnotho wezinto zokuhlanza kudinga ukubheka ngale kwentengo yokuqala yokuthenga. Ukuqhathanisa okuqondile phakathi imikhiqizo ye-cellulose engasetshenziswa kabusha kanye nephepha elisetshenziswa kanye kuphela lembula umehluko ocacile ebude besikhathi, ukusebenza, kanye nezindleko zesikhathi eside.

Amaphuzu Okuqhathanisa Okubalulekile

Ukuze baqonde umehluko ongokoqobo, abathengi kufanele balinganise izilinganiso eziningana zokusebenza. Ithebula elilandelayo lichaza umehluko oyinhloko phakathi kwendinganiso indwangu yesitsha ebolayo kanye namathawula ephepha avamile anama-ply amabili.

Lokhu kuqhathanisa kubonisa ukuthi ngenkathi izindleko zangaphambilini ze- indwangu engasetshenziswa kabusha Uma kuphezulu ngeyunithi ngayinye, isidingo sokushintsha njalo sehla kakhulu. Kubasebenzisi abanzima, kungaba yimindeni emikhulu noma amakhishi ebhizinisi, ukonga kwezezimali kuyaqoqana ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukushintsha kusuka ephepheni elilahlwayo kuya ezindwangu ezingasetshenziswa kabusha kunganciphisa kakhulu izindleko zonyaka ezisetshenziswayo, ngokuvamile kunciphisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala phakathi kwamasonto ambalwa okuqala.

Ukushintshana Kwezinzuzo Zomjikelezo Wempilo

Ukuhlaziya umjikelezo wokuphila wemikhiqizo yomibili kwembula ukuhwebelana phakathi kwemiphumela yokuqala yokukhiqiza kanye nokungcola okuqhubekayo. Ukukhiqiza ingxube ye-cellulose-cotton kudinga okokufaka kwezolimo, amanzi okucubungula, kanye namandla okuluka. Kodwa-ke, lo mzila wokuqala wemvelo uyancishiswa phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila esingabekezelela imijikelezo eminingi yokuwasha ngomshini.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amathawula ephepha adinga umjikelezo oqhubekayo wokukhipha izinsiza. Konke ukuchitheka okuncane okuhlanzwa ngethawula lephepha kudinga amanzi ahlanzekile ukuze kugaywe futhi kusetshenziswe amandla ukuze kusatshalaliswe. Ngokushintsha imiqulu eminingi yamathawula ephepha ngempumelelo esikhathini sokuphila kwayo, i- indwangu eyodwa yaseSweden kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni kanye nomphumela wamanzi okuhambisana nokulungiswa kwansuku zonke kwendawo.

Indlela Abathengi Okufanele Banqume Ngayo

Ukushintsha kusuka ephepheni elilahlwayo kuya ku-cellulose engasetshenziswa kabusha kudinga ukulungiswa okulula kokuziphatha. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uphatha ikhishi lasekhaya elimatasa noma ulungisa indawo yezentengiselwano, abasebenzisi kufanele basebenzise izindlela zokunakekela eziyisisekelo ukuze bandise kokubili ukuhlanzeka kanye nesikhathi sokuphila komkhiqizo.

Izinyathelo Eziwusizo Zezindlu Nezindawo Zokusebenza

Kokubili imizi kanye nezindawo zebhizinisi zingazuza ku- lawa mathuluzi angasetshenziswa kabusha, yize izindlela zabo zingase zihluke. Kumabhizinisi, abathengi bavame ukuhlola abahlinzeki ngokusekelwe ekuhlanzekeni kwezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nokutholakala kwenqwaba, ngezinye izikhathi besebenzisa izinhlelo ezinemibala ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izindwangu ezisetshenziswa ezindaweni zokulungiselela ukudla okuluhlaza zigcinwa zihlukile kulezo ezisetshenziswa ezindaweni zokudlela. Emakhaya, ukuhlanganisa indwangu yezitsha enobungani nemvelo Kulula njengokugcina eyodwa eduze kwesinki ukuze ichitheke nsuku zonke, kuyilapho ubhuka amathawula ephepha ukuze asetshenziswe kuphela emisebenzini efana nokuphatha inyama eluhlaza noma ukuhlanza imfucuza yezilwane ezifuywayo.

Ukuze balondoloze inhlanzeko efanele futhi bavimbele ukukhula kwamagciwane, abasebenzisi kufanele bahlanze indwangu kahle ngamanzi afudumele ngemva kokusetshenziswa ngakunye futhi bayivumele yome ngokuphelele emoyeni. Imvelo ye-cellulose evuvukalayo yenza kube nokuhwamuka komswakama okusheshayo, okusiza ngokwemvelo ukuvimbela iphunga elimuncu.

Ekugcineni, yize amathawula ephepha ehlala eyithuluzi elidingekayo lokuhlanza okuthile okuhlanzekile nokuyingozi, awaseyona yodwa inketho yokulungisa okuvamile. Ngokufaka ngokucophelela i-SIzindwangu Zesitsha ZaseWedish Uma besebenzisa izindlela zokuhlanza zansuku zonke, kokubili imizi kanye namabhizinisi anganciphisa kakhulu umonakalo wabo emvelweni futhi anciphise izindleko zabo zesikhathi eside ngaphandle kokunciphisa ukusebenza kahle.

Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele

• Sebenzisa izindwangu zokudla zaseSweden ukuze usule ikhishi njalo ngoba indwangu eyodwa ingahlala izinyanga eziningana futhi ithathe indawo yamathawula amaningi ephepha asetshenziswa kanye.
• Khetha izindwangu zezitsha ze-cellulose ne-cotton uma kubalulekile ukuthi kube manyolo, njengoba zingawohloka ekukhiqizeni umquba wezohwebo cishe emavikini ayi-6 kuya kwayi-8.
• Bhukha amathawula ephepha ukuze ungazitholi izinto eziyingozi kakhulu njengejusi yenyama eluhlaza, imfucuza yezokwelapha, ukuchitheka okunobuthi, noma ukuhlanza okungcoliswe kakhulu.
• Geza futhi womise izitsha zaseSweden njalo ukuze zandise isikhathi sazo sokuphila futhi unciphise iphunga, ukunqwabelana kwamagciwane, kanye nokufakwa esikhundleni okungadingekile.
• Qhathanisa izindleko zesikhathi eside kunentengo yeshelufu, njengoba izindwangu ezingasetshenziswa kabusha zingamelana nokuwashwa okungafika ku-200 kuyilapho amathawula ephepha elahlwa ngemva kokusetshenziswa okukodwa.

imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Yenziwe ngani indwangu yokudla yaseSweden?

Indwangu yokudla evamile yaseSweden yenziwe nge-cellulose ye-pulp yokhuni engu-70% kanye nekotini engu-30%. Le nhlanganisela idala indwangu eguquguqukayo, efana nesiponji emunca, eqinile, ephinde isetshenziswe, futhi ekwazi ukumunca umquba ekupheleni kokuphila kwayo.

Ingabe izindwangu zokudla zaseSweden ziqinile kunezindwangu zephepha?

Yebo, emisebenzini eminingi yokuhlanza yansuku zonke. Izindwangu zokudla zaseSweden zingasetshenziswa kabusha izinyanga futhi zigezwe izikhathi eziningi, kuyilapho amathawula ephepha esetshenziswa kanye futhi avame ukuya ngqo endaweni yokulahla udoti ngemva kokuhlanza ukudla, amafutha, noma okuchithekile.

Izindwangu zokudla zaseSweden zimunca kangakanani?

Izindwangu eziningi zokudla zaseSweden zingamunca isisindo sazo esomile esiphindwe izikhathi ezingu-20. Lokho kuzenza zibe usizo ekusuleni amakhawunta, ekusuleni izitsha, ekuhlanzeni okuchithekile, nasekushintsheni amathawula ephepha amaningi okusetshenziswa nsuku zonke.

Ingabe izindwangu zokudla zaseSweden zingafakwa umquba?

Yebo, uma zenziwe nge-cellulose yemvelo kanye nekotini ngaphandle kwezithasiselo zepulasitiki. Ezimweni zokwenziwa komquba kwezentengiselwano, zingase zibole cishe emavikini ayi-6 kuya kwayi-8, zingashiyi nsalela ye-microplastic.

Indwangu yokudla yaseSweden ihlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Indwangu yezitsha yaseSweden ingahlala izinyanga eziningana ngokunakekelwa okufanele futhi ingamelana nokuwashwa okungafika ku-200. Isikhathi sayo esiqondile sokuphila sincike ekuvameni kokuhlanza, indlela yokuwasha, nokuthi isetshenziswa yini ezindaweni eziqinile.