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Kungani Amakhethini Ezibhedlela Alahlwayo Eyinto Ebalulekile Ekunakekelweni Kwezempilo Kwesimanje e-US naseCanada
Iyalahlwa amakhethini esibhedlela zibalulekile ekulawuleni ukutheleleka ezindaweni zokunakekelwa kwempilo. Lokhuamakhethini obumfihlo besibhedlela isebenza njengesithiyo esibalulekile, ivimbela ngempumelelo ukusabalala kwezifo ezihlobene nokunakekelwa kwempilo. Njengoba izibhedlela zisebenzela ukugcina amazinga aphezulu okuhlanzeka, izixazululo ezifana amakhethini asesibhedlela asetshenziswa kanye kuphela Isidingo salezi zinto amakhethini asesibhedlela alahlwayo okulawula ukutheleleka kuyanda, kukhuthazwa ukugxila kakhulu ekugcineni indawo ephephile nehlanzekile.
Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele
- Amakhethini asesibhedlela alahlwayo anciphisa kakhulu izingozi zokutheleleka ngokuhlinzeka ngesithiyo esisha sesiguli ngasinye, okuvimbela ukungcoliswa okuhlukahlukene.
- La makhethini asebenza kahle kakhulu, aqeda izindleko zokuhlanza izingubo futhi athuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwemisebenzi ezindaweni zokunakekelwa kwempilo.
- Ikhethini elilahlwayos bahambisane nezindinganiso zokunakekelwa kwempilo eziqinile, baqinisekise ukuphepha kwesiguli kanye nobumfihlo ngenkathi bethuthukisa inhlanzeko iyonke yezindawo zezokwelapha.
Izifo Ezihlobene Nokunakekelwa Kwezempilo kanye Namakhethini
Izingozi Zokutheleleka Ezihlobene Namakhethini Ezibhedlela
Amakhethini asesibhedlela avame ukusebenza njengezindawo ezinganakwa ezindaweni zokunakekelwa kwempilo, kodwa angaba nezinhlobo ezahlukene zezifo. Izifundo zembula ukuthi ngaphezu kwama-20% amakhethini avela ezikhungweni zobumfihlo besiguli ezindaweni zokunakekela abahlengikazi abanekhono ahlolwe ukuthi anazo izinto eziphilayo ezingamelana nemithi eminingi (ama-MDRO). Isibonelo, ukuhlaziywa okubalulekile kwamasampula angu-1,521 avela ezikhungweni zaseMichigan kuthole ukuthi amasampula angu-22% amakhethini aqukethe ama-MDRO, okuhlanganisa i-enterococci engamelana ne-vancomycin (VRE) kuma-culture angu-13.8% kanye ne-Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) engamelana ne-methicillin kuma-4.9%.
Okutholakele Okubalulekile Ngokungcoliswa Kwekhethini:
- Izinga Lokungcola: Amasampula amakhethini angu-22% ahlolwe ukuthi anama-MDRO.
- Izifo Ezivamile: I-VRE itholakale ku-13.8% wamasiko, i-MRSA ku-4.9%.
- Ukudluliselwa Kwesiguli Nekhethini: Amacala angu-15.7% abe ne-MDRO efanayo kokubili esigulini kanye nasekhethini.
- Imvamisa Yokuhlanza: Amakhethini ahlanzwa kaningi, okufaka isandla ekungcoleni.
Ukuhlanzwa okungajwayelekile kwamakhethini endabuko kwandisa ingozi yokudluliselwa kwezifo. Njengoba lezi zindawo ziqoqana izifo, ziba yizimbangela zokungcoliswa kweziguli nabasebenzi bezempilo.
Indlela Amakhethini Ezibhedlela Alahlwayo Aphazamisa Ngayo Ukudluliselwa Kwamagciwane
Amakhethini asesibhedlela alahlwayo ahlinzeka ngesisombululo esisebenzayo ezingozini zokutheleleka ezihambisana namakhethini endwangu yendabuko. Umklamo wawo wokusetshenziswa kanye uqeda amathuba okungcoliswa okusele, okuqinisekisa ukuthi isiguli ngasinye sithola isithiyo esisha. Le ndlela inciphisa kakhulu amathuba okutheleleka okuthelelana.
Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi amakhethini alahlwayo angaphazamisa ngempumelelo uchungechunge lokudlulisela amagciwane. Isibonelo, avame ukuba nezakhiwo zokulwa namagciwane ezivimbela ukukhula kwamagciwane. Ngokuphambene nalokho, amakhethini endabuko angase abe namagciwane athelelekayo ngisho nangemva kokuhlanza.
| Isici | Amakhethini Alahlwayo | Amakhethini Endabuko |
|---|---|---|
| Ukuvikelwa Kwezithiyo | Ukumuncwa okuncane kunciphisa ukudlula kwezifo | Ingagcina amagciwane ngisho nangemva kokuhlanza |
| Umklamo Osetshenziswa Kanye | Kuqeda ingozi yokungcola okusele | Ingasetshenziswa kabusha, ingozi yokungcola iyaqhubeka |
| Inqubo Yokulahla Okuphephile | Kuvaliwe futhi kucutshungulwe ngezinhlelo zemfucuza yezokwelapha | Ukuhlanza okujwayelekile kungase kungayiqedi yonke i-pathogen |
| Ubufakazi Bezokwelapha | Amanani aphansi okutheleleka okuthelelanayo ezibhedlela | Kubikwe amazinga aphezulu okutheleleka okuthelelanayo |
Ngokushintsha njalo amakhethini alahlwayo, izikhungo zezempilo zingagcina umthwalo ophansi wamagciwane, ngaleyo ndlela zithuthukise inhlanzeko iyonke. Ubufakazi busikisela ukuthi izibhedlela ezisebenzisa amakhethini alahlwayo zibhekana nenani elinciphile kakhulu lamagciwane, okufaka isandla ekuthuthukiseni ukuphepha kweziguli kanye nokulawula ukutheleleka.
Ayini Amakhethini Esibhedlela Alahlwayo?
Izici Eziyinhloko Nezinto Ezisetshenziswayo
Amakhethini asesibhedlela alahlwayo aqukethe ikakhulukazi izinto ezikhethekile ezenzelwe ukuthuthukisa ukulawulwa kokutheleleka kanye nokuphepha ezindaweni zokunakekelwa kwempilo. Abakhiqizi basebenzisa kakhulu i-polypropylene engalukiwe, enikeza izakhiwo eziqinile zokuvimbela ukungena kwamagciwane. Lokhu kwaziswa futhi kuvumela ukulahlwa kalula, kunciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka okutholakala esibhedlela. Amakhethini amaningi afaka izithasiselo zokulwa namagciwane ezivimbela ukukhula kwamagciwane kanye nezifo ebusweni bawo, okuthuthukisa kakhulu inhlanzeko.
Ukwelashwa okwengeziwe kufaka phakathi izembozo ezivimbela umlilo ezihambisana nezindinganiso zokuphepha komlilo eziqinile njenge-NFPA 701. Lokhu kwelashwa kunciphisa isikhathi sokushisa ngemuva komlilo kanye nobude bokushisa, okuqinisekisa ukuthi amakhethini awafaki isandla ekusabalaleni komlilo ezindaweni zezokwelapha. Amanye amakhethini alahlwayo aphinde abe nezinto ezintsha ezifana nokuqeda okubulala utshwala kanye nokulwa nokushisa, okuthuthukisa ukuvikelwa ezindaweni ezinobungozi obukhulu.
Ezinye izinto ezivamile zifaka phakathi izindwangu ezimbozwe nge-polyester kanye ne-vinyl, ezinikeza ukuqina nokumelana noketshezi. Lezi zici ezihlanganisiwe zisiza ukuvimba amabhaktheriya namagciwane ayingozi ukuthi angahlali ezindaweni zamakhethini, okugcina indawo ephephile yeziguli kanye nabasebenzi bezempilo.
Izinto Ezibalulekile Nezici:
- I-polypropylene engalukiwe yokuvimbela nokulahla amagciwane
- Izithasiselo zokulwa namagciwane ukuvimbela ukukhula kwezifo
- Ukwelashwa okuvimbela ilangabi okuhlangabezana nezindinganiso ze-NFPA 701
- Izindwangu ezimbozwe nge-polyester ne-vinyl ukuze zihlale isikhathi eside futhi zimelane noketshezi
- Ukuqeda okuvimbela utshwala kanye nokungaguquguquki ukuze kuvikelwe kangcono
Izinzuzo Kunezindwangu Zendabuko
Amakhethini asesibhedlela alahlwayo anikeza izinzuzo eziningana uma kuqhathaniswa namakhethini endwangu yendabuko, ikakhulukazi maqondana nokulawulwa nokugcinwa kokutheleleka. Amakhethini endabuko adinga ukuwashwa njalo noma ukushintshwa ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezindinganiso zokuhlanzeka. Kodwa-ke, izifundo zibonisa ukuthi ngosuku lwe-14, amakhethini angu-87.5% ahlanziwe ayesatholakala ene-MRSA, okugqamisa ubunzima bokugcina inhlanzeko. Ngokuphambene nalokho, amakhethini alahlwayo aqeda isidingo sokuwashwa ngokunikeza isithiyo esisha nesingenamagciwane esigulini ngasinye.
Ukugcinwa kwamakhethini endabuko kuhilela ukuphathwa ngesandla, ukwandisa izindawo zokuthintana kanye nezingozi zokungcola. Amakhethini alahlwayo anciphisa lezi zingozi ngokuvumela ukushintshwa okusheshayo ngaphandle kokuphathwa kabanzi. Umklamo wawo wokusetshenziswa kanye uphinde wehlise umthwalo wamagciwane ezindaweni zeziguli, okufaka isandla ekulawuleni kangcono ukutheleleka.
| Isici | Amakhethini Esibhedlela Alahlwayo | Amakhethini Endabuko |
|---|---|---|
| Ukulawulwa Kokutheleleka | Ukusetshenziswa kanye, okulwa namagciwane, kunciphisa ukungcola | Kudinga ukuhlanza njalo, ingozi yokungcola iyaqhubeka |
| Ukulungiswa | Okuncane, okuthathelwe indawo ngemva kokusetshenziswa | Kudingeka umsebenzi omningi, ukuhlanza njalo |
| Isikhathi Sokuphila | Okufushane, okwenzelwe ukusetshenziswa kwesiguli esisodwa | Kude, kungasetshenziswa kabusha kodwa kunzima ukukugcina kungahlanzeki |
| Ukuthobela Ukuphepha Komlilo | Kulungiswe kusengaphambili ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezindinganiso ze-NFPA 701 | Kuyelashwa futhi kodwa kudinga ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo |
| Umthelela Wezemvelo | Ingaphinde isetshenziswe ngo-100%, ilahlwe ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali | Kudinga amanzi namakhemikhali ukuze kuhlanzwe izingubo |
Izibhedlela e-US naseCanada nazo ziyazuza ngamakhethini alahlwayo ahlangabezana nezindinganiso zomthetho ezifana neziqondiso zokuphepha kweziguli ze-Joint Commission kanye nemithetho yobumfihlo ye-HIPAA. Lawa makhethini ahlinzeka ngezivikelo zomzimba zobumfihlo besiguli ngenkathi enza kube lula ukuhambisana nezinqubo zokuphepha emlilweni kanye nokulawula ukutheleleka.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imikhuba yokulahla nokuphatha imfucuza yalezi zikhethini ihambisana nemigomo yokusimama. Imikhiqizo eminingi ingaphinde isetshenziswe neminye imfucuza yezokwelapha ye-polypropylene, okunciphisa umthelela emvelweni ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni ukuphepha.
Sekukonke, amakhethini asesibhedlela angasetshenziswa kabusha athuthukisa ukusebenza kahle, anciphisa izingozi zokutheleleka, futhi asekela ukuthobela imithetho, okwenza kube ukukhetha okungcono kakhulu kwezikhungo zezempilo zesimanje.
Izinzuzo Ezisebenzayo Zamakhethini Alahlwayo Ezibhedlela
Ukunciphisa Izingozi Zokutheleleka Nokuthuthukisa Ukuhlanzeka
Amakhethini asesibhedlela alahlwayo adlala indima ebalulekile ekunciphiseni izingozi zokutheleleka ezindaweni zokunakekelwa kwempilo. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi la makhethini agcina izinga lokungcola cishe li-zero ngemva kwamasonto angama-20 okusetshenziswa. Ngokuphambene nalokho, amakhethini endabuko abonisa izinga lokungcola elimangalisayo elingu-92% phakathi nesonto elilodwa nje. Lo mehluko omkhulu uqokomisa ukusebenza kahle kwamakhethini alahlwayo ekuthuthukiseni amazinga okuhlanzeka.
- Amakhethini alahlwayo ahlinzeka ngesithiyo esihlanzekile sesiguli ngasinye, okunciphisa kakhulu ukwakheka kwamagciwane.
- Ziqeda izingozi zokungcoliswa okuhlobene namakhethini angasetshenziswa kabusha, avame ukuba namagciwane ayingozi njenge-MRSA ne-VRE.
- Izakhiwo zokulwa namagciwane zamakhethini athile alahlwayo zivimbela ukukhula kwamagciwane ayingozi, okuqhubeka nokufaka isandla ekulawuleni ukutheleleka.
Ezindaweni ezinobungozi obukhulu njengezikhungo zokunakekelwa okujulile (ama-ICU) kanye namagumbi ezimo eziphuthumayo, isidingo sokulawula ukutheleleka okuqinile sibaluleke kakhulu. Amakhethini asesibhedlela alahlwayo aklanyelwe ukushintshwa ngokuphelele, okuvimbela amagciwane ukuthi angasindi endwangu. Lesi sici sibalulekile ekugcineni indawo ephephile yeziguli ezisengozini.
Ukusebenza Kahle Kwezindleko Nokusebenza Kahle
Ukutshala imali kumakhethini asesibhedlela alahlwayo kungaholela ekongeni izindleko ezinkulu kanye nokusebenza kahle okuthuthukisiwe kwezikhungo zezempilo. Amakhethini endwangu yendabuko adinga ukulungiswa okubanzi, okuhlanganisa ukuwasha kanye nokubulala amagciwane, okungadla isikhathi futhi kubize umsebenzi omningi.
- Abasebenzi ezibhedlela ezihamba phambili babika ukuthi ukusebenza kahle komsebenzi kuthuthukisiwe ngenxa yokusebenzisa amakhethini alahlwayo. Isibonelo, i-City Medical Center ibhekane nokuncipha kwesikhathi sokuhlanza nokubulala amagciwane phakathi kwezinqubo, okwaholela ekwandeni komthamo wokusebenza kweziguli.
- Amakhethini endabuko avame ukuthatha imizuzu engama-30 ukususwa nokushintshwa, okubeka abasebenzi engcupheni yokuphepha. Ngokuphambene nalokho, amakhethini alahlwayo enza kube lula le nqubo, okuvumela izinguquko ezisheshayo futhi kunciphisa ingozi yokungcola.
Imiphumela yezezimali yesikhathi eside isekela nezinketho zokulahla izinto ezilahlwayo. Ngenkathi izindleko zangaphambilini zingase zibe ziphansi zamakhethini alahlwayo, izindleko zokuphila konke zobunikazi bamakhethini aphinde asetshenziswe zingaba zishibhile cishe ngo-50% ngenxa yezindleko eziqhubekayo zokuhlanza nokulungisa.
| Isici | Amakhethini Alahlwayo | Amakhethini Angasetshenziswa Kabusha |
|---|---|---|
| Izindleko Zangaphambili | Ngaphansi | Okuphakeme |
| Izindleko Zobunikazi Zokuphila Konke | Okuphakeme | Cishe kushibhile ngo-50% |
| Umthelela Wezemvelo | Ukusebenziseka kabusha okulinganiselwe | Ingaphinde isetshenziswe/Ingaphinde isetshenziswe |
Ukuhambisana Nezindinganiso Zokunakekelwa Kwezempilo kanye Nezinketho Zokwenza Ngokwezifiso
Amakhethini ezibhedlela alahlwayo asiza izikhungo zezempilo ukuthi zihambisane nezinqubo eziqinile zokulawula ukutheleleka kanye nemithethonqubo yokuphepha. Zihlangabezana neziqondiso ezibekwe yizinhlangano ezifana ne-The Joint Commission, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izibhedlela zigcina amazinga aphezulu okuhlanzeka.
Izinketho zokwenza ngokwezifiso amakhethini alahlwayo zivumela izikhungo ukuthi zihlangabezane nezidingo ezithile kanye nezintandokazi. Izibhedlela zingakhetha ezicini ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa:
| Isici | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Amaphethini Endwangu | Izinketho ezifana ne-Stormy Weather kanye ne-Beach Glass zengeza ukukhanga okubonakalayo. |
| Osayizi | Ubukhulu obutholakalayo buhlanganisa ububanzi obungu-69" x 84" h kanye nobubanzi obungu-69" x 96" h. |
| Izinketho Zokulwa Namagciwane | Izibhedlela zingakhetha indwangu yokulwa namagciwane ukuze kuthuthukiswe inhlanzeko. |
| Izinketho Ezinobungani Nemvelo | Izinketho zezindwangu ezinobungani nemvelo ziyatholakala ukuze kugcinwe isikhathi eside. |
| Ukwakha uphawu | Izakhiwo zingahlanganisa ama-logo nezinto zokufaka uphawu emakhethini. |
Lezi zinketho zokwenza ngokwezifiso azigcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ubuhle bezindawo zokunakekelwa kwempilo kodwa futhi zinikeza ubumfihlo obubalulekile ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Ngokunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kokubona, amakhethini enziwe ngokwezifiso angasiza ekunciphiseni ukukhathazeka nokucindezeleka kweziguli, okwenza kube lula indawo yokuphulukisa ekhululekile.
Sekukonke, izinzuzo ezingokoqobo zamakhethini asesibhedlela alahlwayo zidlulela ngale kokulawulwa kokutheleleka. Zinegalelo ekusebenzeni kahle, ukuhambisana nezindinganiso zokunakekelwa kwempilo, kanye nekhono lokwenza ngezifiso izindawo ukuze zihlangabezane nezidingo zesiguli.
Amakhethini asesibhedlela alahlwayo amelela ukutshalwa kwezimali okubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukuphepha kwesiguli kanye nokulawula ukutheleleka. Anikeza izinzuzo eziningi, okuhlanganisa:
- Ukufakwa ngokushesha ngemva kwesiguli ngasinye, kunciphisa ukudluliswa kwegciwane.
- Izembozo ezilwa namagciwane ezivimbela ukukhula kwamagciwane, zinciphisa umthwalo wezinto eziphilayo.
- Ukususwa kwezindleko zokuhlanza izingubo, ukunciphisa izingozi zabasebenzi kanye nokungcola.
Abahlinzeki bezokunakekelwa kwempilo e-US naseCanada kufanele babeke phambili ukwamukela la makhethini ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yokunakekelwa kanye nokusebenza kahle.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Yini eyenza amakhethini asesibhedlela angasetshenziswa asetshenziswe kangcono ekulawuleni ukutheleleka?
Amakhethini alahlwayo ahlinzeka ngesithiyo esisha nesingenamagciwane kumuntu ngamunye, okunciphisa ukwakheka kwamagciwane kanye nezingozi zokungcoliswa kwamanye amakhethini uma kuqhathaniswa namakhethini angasetshenziswa kabusha.
Ingabe amakhethini asesibhedlela alahlwayo ashibhile ezikhungweni zezempilo?
Yebo, zinciphisa izindleko zokuhlanza nokulungisa, zithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle komsebenzi, futhi zinciphisa izindleko ezihlobene nokutheleleka naphezu kwezindleko eziphezulu kusengaphambili.
Ingabe amakhethini alahlwayo ahambisana nezindinganiso zokuphepha kwezempilo?
Amakhethini alahlwayo ahlangabezana nemithethonqubo yokuphepha komlilo kanye nokulawula ukutheleleka, okuhlanganisa neziqondiso ze-NFPA 701 kanye ne-Joint Commission, okuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwesiguli kanye nobumfihlo.
