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Kungani Amakhethini Ezibhedlela Alahlwayo Eguqula Ukulawulwa Kokutheleleka Kwezempilo Zanamuhla
Izindawo zokunakekelwa kwempilo zibhekene nezingozi eziqhubekayo ezivela ezifweni ezihlobene nokunakekelwa kwempilo. Izibalo ezilandelayo ziqokomisa izinga:
| Incazelo Yezibalo | Idatha / Inani |
|---|---|
| Ama-HAI waminyaka yonke kulo lonke uhlelo lwezempilo lwase-US | Ngaphezu kwesigidi esisodwa |
| Ukufa okulinganiselwa phakathi kweziguli zasesibhedlela ezine-HAIs (2015) | Cishe abangu-72,000 |
Amakhethini Esibhedlela Alahlwayo ukusiza ukubhekana nalezi zingozi. Izikhungo eziningi manje zikhetha amakhethini e-cubicle alahlwayo futhi ikhethini lezokwelapha imikhiqizo ngaphezu kwendabuko ikhethini lesibhedlela izinketho.
Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele
- Amakhethini asesibhedlela alahlwayo ukunciphisa izingozi zokutheleleka ngokusebenzisa izinto ezilwa namagciwane ezivimba amagciwane ayingozi ukuthi angasabalali ezindaweni ezithintwa kakhulu.
- La makhethini kulula futhi kuyashesha ukuwashintsha, okusindisa isikhathi sabasebenzi futhi kunciphisa izingozi zokuphepha uma kuqhathaniswa namakhethini endwangu endabuko.
- Izibhedlela zonga imali futhi zithuthukisa ukuphepha kweziguli ngokushintshela ku- amakhethini alahlwayo, ngenkathi futhi kusetshenziswa izindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokunciphisa umthelela emvelweni.
Izingozi Zokutheleleka kanye Nemikhawulo Yamakhethini Esibhedlela Endabuko
Izindawo Ezithinta Kakhulu Nokudluliselwa Kwegciwane
Isibhedlela Amakhethini Obumfihlo ziphakathi kwezindawo ezivame ukuthintwa kakhulu ezindaweni zokunakekelwa kweziguli. Izisebenzi zezempilo, iziguli, kanye nezivakashi bavame ukuphatha la makhethini ngaphambi, ngesikhathi, nangemva kokuhlangana nokunakekelwa. Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi cishe ingxenye yezisebenzi zezempilo ithola amabhaktheriya ezinzwaneni zazo ngemva kokuthinta amakhethini. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukungcola kuyanda, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho abantu bebamba khona indwangu.
Ucwaningo lwesiko luveze ukuthi ama-42% amakhethini esibhedlela babephethe i-enterococci engamelani ne-vancomycin, abangu-22% babene-Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) engamelana ne-methicillin, kanti abangu-4% babene-Clostridium difficile. Ukukhula kwezimpawu zesandla kuqinisekisile ukuthi lawa ma-pathogen adluliselwa kalula ezandleni, okwenza amakhethini abe umthombo obalulekile wezifo ezihlobene nokunakekelwa kwempilo. Amagciwane afana ne-MRSA kanye nezinhlobo ze-Candida angaphila ezindwangu zamakhethini izinsuku kuya kwamasonto, kuyilapho amagciwane angenayo i-Gram njenge-Pseudomonas aeruginosa kanye ne-Acinetobacter baumannii ehlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga. Ukuqhubeka kwalezi zidalwa kugqamisa ingozi ebangelwa amakhethini endabuko.
Amakhethini asesibhedlela asebenza njenge-fomite, esebenza njengezindawo zokugcina amagciwane ayingozi futhi enza kube lula ukusabalala kwawo kuzo zonke izindawo zokunakekelwa kwempilo.
Izinselele Zokuhlanza Nezinkinga Zokuthobela Imithetho
Ukugcina amakhethini endwangu yendabuko kuletha izinselele eziningana zezokuthutha kanye nezokuphepha. Ukususa nokushintsha ikhethini ngalinye kungathatha imizuzu engama-30, okuvame ukudinga amaladi futhi kuveze abasebenzi ekulimaleni okungenzeka. Amakhethini angase adonseleke phansi ngesikhathi sokushintshana, okwandisa ingozi yokungcola okwengeziwe. Abasebenzi kumele basebenzise imishini yokuzivikela futhi balandele izinqubo eziqaphile ukuze bagweme ukungcoliswa okuphambene.
Ukuwasha njalo kuyadingeka ukulawula izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, kodwa inqubo inzima futhi ibiza kakhulu. Amakhethini kumele amelane nokuwasha okuphindaphindiwe kwezimboni, okungalimaza izingxenye ezilengayo futhi kunciphise isikhathi sazo sokuphila. Lezi zinkinga zivame ukuholela ekuhlanzweni okungajwayelekile, okuvumela amakhethini ukuba abe imithombo eqhubekayo yamagciwane ayingozi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, Amakhethini Esibhedlela Alahlwayo inikeza enye indlela ewusizo ngokwenza kube lula ukufaka okunye esikhundleni salokho kanye nokunciphisa ingozi yokungcola.
| Inselele | Umthelela Ekulawulweni Kokutheleleka |
|---|---|
| Ukususwa okuthatha isikhathi | Kulibazisa ukuhlanza, kwandisa ingozi |
| Izingozi zokuphepha | Ukulimala kwabasebenzi, ukuphazamiseka komsebenzi |
| Ukuwasha izingubo okungajwayelekile | Ukuqongelela kwe-pathogen |
| Ingozi yokungcoliswa okuhlukahlukene | Ukusabalala kwe-HAIs |
Indlela Amakhethini Ezibhedlela Alahlwayo Athuthukisa Ngayo Ukulawulwa Kokutheleleka
Izici Eziyinhloko Nezakhiwo Zokulwa Namagciwane
Amakhethini Ezibhedlela Alahlwayo ahlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokulwa namagciwane ukuze kulungiswe izingozi zokungcola okuqhubekayo ezitholakala ezindaweni ezithinta kakhulu. Abakhiqizi bavame ukusebenzisa i-silver impregnation, kuhlanganiswe namakhemikhali okulwa namagciwane kanye nokulwa nokukhunta, ukuvimbela ukukhula kwamagciwane. Lawa makhethini ngokuvamile aqukethe i-polypropylene engu-100%, ethuthukisiwe ngesiliva se-nanometer kanye nezinye izinto zokulwa namagciwane. Ukuhlolwa kwelabhorethri kubonisa ukuthi lezi zinto zakha izindawo zokuvimbela amagciwane afana ne-MRSA, i-VRE, i-Clostridium difficile, i-Enterococcus, i-Klebsiella, kanye ne-Acinetobacter. Ezindaweni zezokwelapha, ikakhulukazi amayunithi okunakekelwa okujulile, amakhethini okulwa namagciwane abonisa ukungcola okuncishisiwe kakhulu. Isibonelo, izifundo zibika ukuthi akukho ukutholakala kwe-MRSA noma i-Enterobacteriaceae engamelana ne-carbapenem kumakhethini abulala izinhlayiya ngesikhathi sokuphila kwawo okunconywayo kwezinyanga eziyisithupha.
| Isici | Imininingwane |
|---|---|
| Ubuchwepheshe Bokulwa Namagciwane | Ukufakwa kwesiliva ngamakhemikhali alwa namagciwane kanye nokulwa nokukhunta |
| Izinto Zekhethini | I-polypropylene engu-100% enesiliva se-nanometer nezinye izinto ezisetshenziswayo |
| Izifo Ezibangelwa Amagciwane Zihlolwe | I-MRSA, i-VRE, i-C. difficile, i-Enterococcus, i-Klebsiella, i-Acinetobacter, isikhunta |
| Ukusebenza Kahle Kwelabhorethri | Izindawo zokuvinjelwa (0.5–5 mm), ukuvinjelwa kokuthintana kuze kufike ezinyangeni eziyi-6 |
| Ukusebenza Kahle Kwezokwelapha (i-ICU) | Akukho MRSA, CRE, noma C. difficile etholakele kumakhethini abulala izinambuzane |
| Isincomo Sokufaka Esikhundleni | Njalo ezinyangeni ezi-6 ezindaweni ezinobungozi obukhulu |
| Indima Yokulawula Ukutheleleka | Ukunciphisa ukungcola kwamagciwane ezindaweni ze-ICU |
Lokhu kufaka amakhethini ezibhedlela alahlwayo njengendlela yokulawula ukutheleleka engenzi lutho kodwa enamandla, okunciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka okuhlobene nokunakekelwa kwempilo.
Kulula Ukufaka Nokufaka Esikhundleni
Izikhungo zokunakekelwa kwempilo ziyazuza enkambisweni elula yokufaka nokushintsha amakhethini asesibhedlela alahliwe. Abasebenzi bangashintsha lawa makhethini ngemizuzu embalwa nje, uma kuqhathaniswa namahora adingekayo kumakhethini endwangu yendabuko emawadini anemibhede eminingi. Izinketho eziningi ezilahliwe zifanelana nemizila yamakhethini ekhona futhi zisebenzisa izithwali ze-snap-in, okususa isidingo sokuthuthukiswa kwehadiwe. Lokhu kusebenza kahle kunciphisa ukuphazamiseka komsebenzi futhi kunciphisa ukuchayeka kwabasebenzi ekulimaleni okungenzeka ngesikhathi sokushintsha amakhethini.
Abasebenzi ezibhedlela ezihamba phambili, njengeRoyal Hospital eLondon kanye neCentral Medical Center yaseNew York, babika ukuthi amakhethini alahlwayo athuthukisa ukusebenza kahle komsebenzi kanye nokusebenza kwansuku zonke. Abaphathi baphawula futhi izindleko zokuhlanza ezincishisiwe kanye nemizamo yokulungisa.
Ukusebenziseka kalula kukhuthaza ukushintsha amakhethini njalo, kusekela ukuhambisana nokuhlanzeka okuqhubekayo kanye nokunciphisa ingozi yokungcoliswa okuhlukahlukene.
Ukunciphisa Ukungcola Okuhlukahlukene kanye Nokuqubuka Kwezifo
Amakhethini Ezibhedlela Alahlwayo adlala indima ebalulekile ekuphuleni uchungechunge lokutheleleka. Ukusetshenziswa kwawo kanye kuqinisekisa ukuthi isiguli ngasinye sithola isithiyo esisha, esingangcoliswanga. Izibhedlela ezishintshela kumakhethini alahlwayo zibona ukungcola okuphansi kakhulu kwamagciwane ngemva kwezinsuku eziyishumi kanye namazinga amancane okungcola phakathi nesonto. Ngokuphambene nalokho, amakhethini endabuko kakotini abonisa ukungcola okuphezulu kanye nesilinganiso sokungcola esingu-92%. Amakhethini alahlwayo agcina umsebenzi ophezulu wokulwa namagciwane kuze kube yiminyaka emibili, eqeda ngempumelelo izifo ezifana ne-MRSA kanye ne-Clostridium difficile.
Izikhungo zibika ukuqubuka okuncane kanye nemiphumela yokulawula ukutheleleka ethuthukisiwe ngemuva kokusebenzisa amakhethini angasetshenziswa kabusha, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinobungozi obukhulu njengezindawo zokunakekelwa kwabantwana abagula kakhulu kanye namagumbi okuhlinza.
Le ndlela yokuqapha iholela ekunciphiseni izifo ezihlobene nokunakekelwa kwempilo futhi isekela izindawo zokunakekelwa kweziguli eziphephile.
Ukonga Izindleko Nokusebenza Kahle Kakhulu
Amakhethini Ezibhedlela Alahlwayo anikeza izindleko ezinkulu kanye nezinzuzo zokusebenza. Ngenkathi izindleko zokuqala ngeyunithi ngayinye zisukela ku-$27.25 kuya ku-$101.40, la makhethini aqeda izindleko zokuwasha nezokulungisa eziqhubekayo. Amakhethini endabuko adinga ukuwasha njalo kanye nokwelashwa ngamagciwane, okwandisa izindleko zabasebenzi kanye nesikhathi sokuphumula. Esikhathini sonyaka owodwa, amakhethini alahlwayo abonakala engabizi kakhulu ngenxa yokonga ekunakekelweni nasekulawuleni ukutheleleka.
| Uhlobo Lwekhethini | Izindleko Zokuqala Ngeyunithi (i-USD) | Izindleko Zokunakekela Nokuhlanza | Ezinye Izinto Ezibangela Izindleko |
|---|---|---|---|
| Amakhethini Alahlwayo (Alashwe) | $55.09 – $101.40 | Akukho | Akukho ukuwasha; kunciphisa isikhathi sokusebenza kanye nokungasebenzi |
| Amakhethini Alahlwayo (Angalungiswanga) | $27.25 – $33.10 | Akukho | Ukusetshenziswa kanye kuphela; kuqeda ingozi yokutheleleka |
| Amakhethini Endabuko | Okuphezulu (ibanga eliqondile alikho) | Kudingeka ukuwasha izingubo njalo kanye nokwelashwa | Izindleko zokulungisa eziqhubekayo eziphakeme kanye nezabasebenzi |
Ukusebenza kahle kokusebenza nakho kuyathuthuka. Isibonelo, i-City Medical Center inciphise isikhathi sokuhlanza nokubulala amagciwane phakathi kwezinqubo ngokusebenzisa amakhethini alahlwayo. Lolu shintsho lwandise ukusebenza kwesiguli futhi lwanciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi ekamelweni. Abasebenzi bangagxila kakhulu ekunakekelweni kwesiguli futhi banciphise ukunakekelwa kwamakhethini, okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwesibhedlela.
Izinto Ezicatshangelwayo Ngezemvelo Nemikhuba Emihle Kakhulu
Ukusetshenziswa kabanzi kwamakhethini ezibhedlela alahliwe kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka okukhulu ngemvelo. Ukusetshenziswa kwawo kanye kuphela kunegalelo ekuqongeleleni imfucuza kanye nokwanda kwengcindezi yokulahla udoti. Ukukhiqiza kanye nokuthunyelwa kwempahla nakho kusebenzisa izinsiza kanye namandla. Kodwa-ke, izinto ezintsha zesayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo zibhekana nalezi zinselele. Izinto ezibolayo kanye nezinhlelo zokuvuselela izinto ziyahlolwa ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela wemvelo. Izindlela ezifanele zokulahla kanye nokufundiswa kwabasebenzi kudlala indima ebalulekile ekunciphiseni umonakalo.
Izindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokusetshenziswa okusimeme zifaka:
- Ukusungula izinhlelo zokuvuselela kabusha amakhethini enziwe ngezinto ezingasetshenziswa kabusha.
- Ukusebenzisa izinto ezibolayo ukuqinisekisa ukubola kwemvelo.
- Ukuhlola ubuchwepheshe bokuguqula imfucuza ibe amandla.
- Ukusebenzisana nabaphakeli ababeka phambili ukukhiqizwa okuhambisana nemvelo.
- Ukuqeqesha abasebenzi ngemikhuba yokulahla imfucuza ngendlela efanele.
- Ukuhlola nokuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokuzinza okuqhubekayo.
Izibhedlela zingalinganisela ukulawulwa kokutheleleka kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo wezemvelo ngokusebenzisa le mikhuba emihle kakhulu nokusekela ukusungula izinto ezintsha okuqhubekayo ekuklanyweni nasekulahlweni kwamakhethini.
Amakhethini Ezibhedlela Alahlwayo ahlinzeka ngesisombululo esisebenzayo sokulawula ukutheleleka. Izibhedlela zibika ukuthi zithuthukisiwe ukuphepha kwesiguli, izinguquko zamakhethini ezisheshayo, kanye nokunciphisa ukungcoliswa okuhlukahlukene.
- Ukulandelela ukuhambisana okuzenzakalelayo kuqinisekisa ukushintshwa okuvamile.
- Izakhiwo zokulwa namagciwane kanye nomklamo wokusetshenziswa kanye kuphela kunciphisa amazinga okutheleleka.
- Abasebenzi bahlangabezana nomthwalo womsebenzi omncane, kanti izikhungo zigcina izindleko futhi zilandela imithetho.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Izibhedlela kufanele zishintshe kangaki amakhethini ezibhedlela alahlwayo?
Izikhungo eziningi zincoma ukushintsha amakhethini alahlwayo njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha noma ngokushesha ngemva kokuxhumana neziguli ezithelelanayo. Ukushintsha njalo kusekela ukulawulwa kokutheleleka okuhle kakhulu.
Ingabe amakhethini asesibhedlela angasetshenziswa kabusha ayahambisana nezindlela zamakhethini ezikhona?
Amakhethini alahlwayo afanelana nemizila ejwayelekile. Abasebenzi bangawafaka besebenzisa izithwali ze-snap-in. Akukho hardware noma amathuluzi akhethekile adingekayo.
Ingabe izibhedlela zingaphinde zisebenzise amakhethini ezibhedlela alahlwayo?
Izibhedlela zingasebenzisa kabusha amakhethini alahlwayo uma enziwe ngezinto ezingasetshenziswa kabusha. Izikhungo kufanele zihlole abaphakeli futhi zilandele iziqondiso zendawo zokusebenzisa kabusha.
