Yiziphi izidingo zamakhethini okunakekelwa kwempilo?

Izindawo zokunakekelwa kwempilo zidinga ukunakwa okuqinile kokuphepha kanye nokuhlanzeka. ikhethini lesibhedlela kumele imelane nomlilo, inciphise ukusabalala kwezifo, futhi inikeze ubumfihlo obuthembekile. Izikhungo eziningi manje zikhetha amakhethini asesibhedlela alahlwayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuhlanzeka. Njalo ikhethini lokuhlukanisa isibhedlela kudinga ukuhlolwa njalo ukuze kugcinwe ukuqina kanye nokuhambisana nemithethonqubo yokunakekelwa kwempilo.

Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele

• Amakhethini okunakekelwa kwezempilo kumele ihlangabezane nezindinganiso zokuphepha emlilweni eziqinile kanye namazinga okulwa namagciwane ukuze iziguli nabasebenzi bavikeleke ezingozini zomlilo kanye nezifo.
• Ukuhlanza okuvamile, ukuhlolwa, kanye nokufakwa kwamakhethini ngesikhathi esifanele kuqinisekisa ukuthi ahlala esebenza kahle, ephephile, futhi ehambisana nemithethonqubo yezempilo.
• Amakhethini kufanele ahlinzeke ngobumfihlo obugcwele ngezinto eziqinile nezivunyiwe futhi afakwe kahle kusetshenziswa izinhlelo zokulandelela ezithembekile ukuze kusebenze kahle futhi kuphephile.

Izidingo Zokuphepha Nokuhlanzeka Kwekhethini Lesibhedlela

Izindinganiso Zokuvinjelwa Komlilo

Ukuphepha emlilweni kusalokhu kuyinto eza kuqala ezindaweni zokunakekelwa kwempilo. Izibhedlela zidinga amakhethini ahlangabezana nezindinganiso eziqinile zokuvimbela umlilo ukuze kuvikelwe iziguli nabasebenzi.

• I-BS 5867-2 Uhlobo C lubeka izinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokumelana nomlilo ku amakhethini esibhedlelaIzindwangu kumele zikwazi ukumelana nemijikelezo yokuwasha engu-50 ku-75°C, okuhlanganisa nokomiswa, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yizimfanelo zazo zokuvimbela umlilo.
• Ukuhlola kuhilela ukusebenzisa ilangabi eliqondile kanye nokulinganisa izikhathi zangemuva komlilo kanye nezikhathi zangemuva kokukhanya. Amakhethini ayadlula uma ilangabi lingafiki emaphethelweni endwangu futhi kungekho mfucumfucu evuthayo ewayo.
• E-United States, amakhethini aqinisekiswe yi-NFPA 701 ayazicima wona ngemizuzwana emibili futhi anciphise ukusabalala kwelangabi libe ngamasentimitha amane noma ngaphansi. Ukuhlolwa kuveza ilangabi elangabini elingamasentimitha angu-1.5 imizuzwana eyi-12.
• I-NYU Langone Health ifake kabusha amakamelo angu-8,000 ngamakhethini aqinisekiswe yi-NFPA 701, okwaholela ekunciphiseni izingozi zomlilo ngo-60%.
• Izindwangu ze-EU Euroclass B-s1,d0 zikhipha intuthu encane futhi azinawo amaconsi avuthayo, okuyinto ebalulekile ezindaweni ezibucayi zesibhedlela.
• Izindwangu ze-polyester ezivimbela ilangabi ngokwemvelo zigcina izakhiwo zazo kuyo yonke impilo yendwangu. Izindwangu eziphathwe ngamakhemikhali zidinga ukwelashwa kabusha njalo eminyakeni emihlanu.

Ikhethini lesibhedlela elihlangabezana nalezi zindinganiso liqinisekisa indawo ephephile kanye nokuthobela imithetho isikhathi eside.

Ukuthobela Amakhodi Nemithetho Yendawo

Izibhedlela kumele zilandele imithetho yendawo, yesifundazwe, neyezwe lapho zikhetha futhi zifaka amakhethini. Izinhlangano ezilawulayo ezifana ne-Joint Commission, i-Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), kanye nabaphathi bomlilo bendawo babeka izidingo ezithile zezikhungo zokunakekelwa kwempilo.

Izikhungo kufanele zibukeze njalo izibuyekezo zalezi zimiso ukuze zigcine ukuthobela imithetho futhi zigweme izinhlawulo.

Amakhethini kumele abonise amalebula afanele, okuhlanganisa nesilinganiso somlilo kanye nolwazi lomkhiqizi. Imibhalo yokuthobela imithetho isekela ukuhlolwa kwezikhungo kanye nokuhlolwa. Izibhedlela ezihluleka ukuthobela izinhlawulo zengozi, ukuphazamiseka kokusebenza, kanye nokwanda kwesibopho.

Izakhiwo Zokulwa Namagciwane kanye Nemvume Ye-FDA

Amakhethini asesibhedlela avame ukusebenza njengezindawo ezithinta kakhulu, okwenza ukuvikelwa kwamagciwane kube yinto ebalulekile. Abakhiqizi basebenzisa izindwangu ezithuthukisiwe kanye nezingubo zokugqoka ukunciphisa ingozi yokudluliswa kwezifo. Ithebula elilandelayo lifingqa idatha yokusebenza ebalulekile yezindwangu zamakhethini asesibhedlela ezilwa namagciwane:

Imvume ye-FDA iqinisekisa ukuthi ama-antimicrobial agents asetshenziswa ezindwangu zamakhethini asesibhedlela ahlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuphepha nokusebenza kahle. Abakhiqizi kumele banikeze ubufakazi bokuhambisana nama-agents okuhlanza kanye nokuqina ngokomzimba. Izibhedlela kufanele zikhethe amakhethini anamandla okulwa namagciwane aqinisekisiwe ukusekela izinqubo zokulawula ukutheleleka.

Izinqubo Zokuhlanza, Ukuhlanza, kanye Nokubulala Amagciwane

Ukuhlanza njalo kanye nokubulala amagciwane kwandisa impilo yekhethini lesibhedlela futhi kunciphisa izingozi zokutheleleka. Izikhungo kufanele zilandele iziqondiso zomkhiqizi zalokhu izinga lokushisa lokuwasha izingubo, imvamisa yomjikelezo, kanye nezibulali-magciwane ezihambisanayo.

• Izindwangu ezivikela umlilo futhi ezilwa namagciwane ngokwemvelo zimelana nokugezwa nokomiswa okuphindaphindiwe ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukusebenza kahle.
• Amakhethini alahlwayo inikeza ikhambi elisebenzayo lezindawo ezigcwele amanzi, njengoba abasebenzi bengazishintsha ngokushesha ngemva kokuphuma kwesiguli noma ukungcola.
• Izikhungo kufanele zibhale phansi amashejuli okuhlanza kanye nezinqubo zokubonisa ukuthobela imithetho ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa.

Ikhethini lesibhedlela elinakekelwe kahle lisekela indawo yokunakekelwa kwempilo ephephile, ehlanzekile, futhi ehambisana nemithetho.

Ubumfihlo, Izinto, kanye Nezindinganiso Zokufaka Zekhethini Lesibhedlela

Ukufiphala kanye Nokumbozwa Kobumfihlo

Ikhethini lesibhedlela kumele liqinisekise ubumfihlo obuphelele beziguli. Indwangu kufanele ivimbele ukubonakala kuzo zonke izindlela, ngisho nasemakamelweni akhanya kakhulu. Abaklami bavame ukukhetha izindwangu ezilukiwe kahle noma izinto ezinezingqimba eziningi ukuvimbela ukubonakala kwezithunzi nezithunzi.

Ukumbozwa kobumfihlo kusabalala kusukela ophahleni kuze kube ngaphezu kwephansi, kushiya isikhala esincane semishini yokuhlanza kanye nokuhamba komoya.
Abasebenzi bezokunakekelwa kwempilo bathembele kula makhethini ukuze bakhe indawo ephephile neyimfihlo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, ukwelashwa, kanye nokunakekelwa komuntu siqu. Izikhungo kufanele zihlole njalo izindawo ezigugile noma ezisobala ezingabeka ubumfihlo engcupheni.

Izinto Ezivunyiwe Nokuqina

Abakhiqizi basebenzisa kuphela izinto ezivunyiwe ukukhiqizwa kwamakhethini esibhedlela. Ingxube ye-polyester ne-polyester ibusa imakethe ngenxa yamandla ayo, ukumelana nomlilo, kanye nokulula kokuhlanzwa. Ezinye izikhungo zikhetha izindwangu ezinezimbozo ezikhethekile ezihlinzeka ngokuvikelwa kwamagciwane futhi zimelane namabala.

• Ukusebenza kahle kwe-antibacterial kusalokhu kuphezulu ngokumelene nezifo ezivamile ezifana I-Staphylococcus aureus, I-Pseudomonas aeruginosa, futhi I-Acinetobacter baumanniiAmakhethini ambozwe nge-BASF abonisa umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu kuya kophakathi, kuyilapho amanye amakhethini ebhizinisi enikeza isivikelo esincane.
• Umsebenzi wokulwa namagciwane awunciphi ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha zokugcina, okubonisa ukuqina kwesembozo.
• Ukuhlolwa kokumelana nokuguguleka ngendlela yeMartindale kulingisa amandla amakhulu ezindwangu. Ngemva kwemijikelezo eyi-1,000, kwenzeka ukwehla kwesisindo okulinganiselwe kuphela, yize i-scanning electron microscopy (SEM) iveza umonakalo omncane wezinga le-fiber.
• Ukuhlolwa kokuguga okwenziwe kulingisa ukusetshenziswa kwangempela esibhedlela ngokuhambisa ikhethini ngokuphindaphindiwe ngezikhathi ezilingana namasonto amabili, izinyanga ezintathu, neminyaka emihlanu. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-gravimetric kanye ne-SEM imaging ngemuva kwalezi zivivinyo kubonisa ukonakala okuncane kwendwangu kanye nokugqoka.
• Ukuthwebula izithombe ze-SEM kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukumbozwa kuhlala kusatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo endwangu, ngisho nangemva kokuklwebheka nokuguga. Akukho zindawo ezibonakalayo noma izakhiwo ezifana nekristalu ezibonakala.
• Ukuhlolwa kokuqina kwemishini kuhlanganisa izilinganiso zokunciphisa isisindo kanye nokuthwebula izithombe ze-SEM ukuhlola ubuqotho bezindwangu kanye nokugcinwa kwengubo ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu.

Le miphumela iqinisekisa ukuthi izinto zesimanje zamakhethini asesibhedlela zingamelana nokusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke iminyaka eminingi ngenkathi zigcina izakhiwo zazo zokuvikela.

Izinhlelo Zokulandelela Nokufakwa Okufanele

Ikhethini lesibhedlela lidinga uhlelo lwethrekhi oluthembekile ukuze lisebenze kahle futhi liphephe. ​​Ithrekhi ye-aluminium nensimbi engagqwali imelana nokugqwala futhi isekela isisindo sezindwangu ezisindayo. Abafaki kumele baqinisekise ukuthi ithrekhi ihamba ngokuhambisana nophahla futhi ayigobi noma igobe ngaphansi komthwalo.

• Imizila efakwe ophahleni ikhulisa ubumfihlo futhi ivumela ukuvalelwa okuphelele kwezikhala zeziguli.
• Ikhethini Legumbi Lokuhlala amathrekhi avame ukufaka izici zokuqhekeka zokufinyelela okuphuthumayo.
• Izitobhi zokuphela kanye nezithwali kuvimbela amakhethini ukuthi angasheleli endleleni.
• Abafaki kumele balandele iziqondiso zomkhiqizi zesikhala, ukunamathela, kanye nokukhetha ihadiwe.

Ukufakwa kahle kunciphisa ingozi yezingozi futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzi bangavula noma bavale ikhethini ngokushesha uma kudingeka.

Ukuhlolwa Okuvamile kanye Neziqondiso Zokufaka Esikhundleni

Ukuhlolwa okuvamile kugcina zonke izibhedlela zisesimweni esihle. Abaphathi bezikhungo kufanele bakhe uhlu lokuhlola olujwayelekile oluzohlolwa ngokubona, lugxile kulokhu:

• Ukudabuka, izimbobo, noma ukuqhekeka emithungweni nasemaphethelweni
• Amabala noma ukushintsha kombala okungagezwa
• Ukulahlekelwa ilebula elivimbela ilangabi noma elilwa namagciwane
• Ukuqondanisa ithrekhi kanye nobuqotho behadiwe

Icebiso: Shintsha amakhethini ngokushesha uma ekhombisa izimpawu zomonakalo, ukungcola, noma ukulahlekelwa yizinto zokuzivikela.

Abakhiqizi abaningi batusa ukushintsha amakhethini angasetshenziswa kabusha njalo ezinyangeni ezingu-6 kuya kwezingu-12, kuye ngokusetshenziswa kwawo kanye nokuwashwa kwawo kaningi. Amakhethini alahlwayo kufanele kushintshwe ngemva kokuphuma kwesiguli ngasinye noma lapho kubonakala kungcolile. Ukubhala phansi amashejuli okuhlola nokufaka esikhundleni kusiza izikhungo ukuthi zigcine ukuthobela imithetho futhi kuqinisekiswe indawo ephephile neyimfihlo yeziguli.

Ukunamathela ezidingweni eziqinile zamakhethini okunakekelwa kwempilo kuqinisekisa izindawo zeziguli eziphephile, ezihlanzekile, nezizimele.

• Imikhuba yokuvimbela nokulawula ukutheleleka inciphisa ukutheleleka okuhlobene nokunakekelwa kwempilo, okuthinta isiguli esisodwa kwezingama-31 nsuku zonke futhi kubiza izigidigidi ngonyaka.
• Izindinganiso ze-Joint Commission ziqondisa izikhungo ekugcineni izindlela zokuphepha ezisebenzayo kanye nezinyathelo zokulawula ukutheleleka.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Iyiphi isheduli enconywayo yokushintsha amakhethini asesibhedlela?

Iningi labakhiqizi lisikisela ukuthi kushintshwe amakhethini angasetshenziswa kabusha njalo ezinyangeni eziyi-6 kuya kweziyi-12. Amakhethini alahlwayo kufanele ashintshwe ngemva kokuphuma kwesiguli ngasinye noma lapho ebonakala engcolile.

Ingabe amakhethini asesibhedlela adinga imikhiqizo yokuhlanza ekhethekile?

Izikhungo kufanele zisebenzise izinto zokuhlanza ivunyiwe ngumenzi wamakhethini. Le mikhiqizo isiza ekugcineni izakhiwo zokulwa namagciwane kanye nezingashisi ilangabi.

Ingabe amakhethini asesibhedlela angasetshenziswa kabusha aphephile njengalawo angasetshenziswa kabusha?

Amakhethini alahlwayo zihlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuphepha emlilweni kanye namazinga okulwa namagciwane afanayo nezinketho ezingasetshenziswa kabusha. Abasebenzi bangazishintsha ngokushesha, okusekela izinqubo zokulawula ukutheleleka.

Ukumangalelwa

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